米爾頓·佛利民认为,大萧条是由于美联储未采取措施应对货币存量和流通量突然减少的事实。相反,本·伯南克认为问题是缺乏信用,而不是缺乏资金,因此在金融危机期间,以伯南克为首的美联储提供了额外的信贷,而不是额外的流动性(货币),以刺激经济的恢复正轨。Jeff Hummel分析了这两种相互矛盾的解释的不同含义。[7]里士满联邦储备银行行长杰弗里·拉克(Jeffrey Lacker)以及蕾妮·哈尔托姆(Renee Haltom)批评伯南克的解决方案[8],因为“它鼓励过度冒险,并助长了金融不稳定。”[9]托马斯·汉弗莱(英语:Thomas Humphrey)和理查德·汀布莱克(英语:Richard Timberlake)集中在他们的著作:在《黄金、真实票据论与美联储:1922年至1938年货币失序的根源》(Gold, the Real Bills Doctrine, and the Fed: Sources of Monetary Disorder 1922-1938)中认为真实票据论(real bills doctrine)是大萧条的一大原因。[10]
^Horwitz, Steven. Herbert Hoover: Father of the New Deal(PDF). Cato Institute. 2011-09-29 [2020-04-08]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2018-10-01). Hoover and his secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon (himself often wrongly portrayed as a defender of laissez faire), proposed $400 million in new federal buildings as well as $175 million in public works through the federal Shipping Board. These proposals met with approval from the professoriate as examples of 'constructive industrial statesmanship.' They were also ridiculed as 'pump priming' in a New York Tribune editorial cartoon of April 8, 1930...
^Renee Haltom and Jeff rey M. Lacker. Should the Fed Do Emergency Lending?(PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. 2014-07 [2020-04-08]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2014-07-27).
^Humphrey, Thomas M.; Timberlake, Richard H. Gold, the Real Bills Doctrine, and the Fed : sources of monetary disorder 1922-1938. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute. 2019. ISBN 978-1-948647-12-0.