美國自由意志主義

美國自由意志主義是一種旨在促進個人自由和最小政府的運動^[1]^[2]。雖然就世界範圍來看，自由意志主義一詞被廣泛代指社會主義，但在美國自由意志主義一詞已經偏離了其起源^[3]。自由意志黨聲稱以下內容是自由意志主義的核心信念：

自由意志主義者支持最大化個人和經濟自由。他們主張建立一個更小的政府：只限於保護個人免受脅迫和暴力。自由傾向者支持個人責任，反對政府官僚和稅收，支持私人慈善，包容多樣的生活方式，支持自由市場，捍衛公民自由^[4]^[5]

據蓋洛普的調查，有17–23%的美國選民在政治傾向是屬於自由意志主義^[6]，其中就包括共和黨（特別是自由意志主義共和黨人）、民主黨、自由意志黨和無黨派。

參考資料

^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition of libertarianism. [2016-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.
^
For philosophical literature describing the variations of libertarianism, see:
- Bevir, Mark. Encyclopedia of Political Theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2010. page 811 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;
- Vallentyne, Peter. Libertarianism. Edward N. Zalta (编). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2009. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. March 3, 2009 [March 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-06）. in addition to the better-known version of libertarianism—right-libertarianism—there is also a version known as 'left-libertarianism' ;
- Christiano, Thomas, and John P. Christman. Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy. Contemporary debates in philosophy, 11. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p. 121 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;
- Lawrence C. Becker, Charlotte B. Becker. Encyclopedia of ethics, Volume 3 Encyclopedia of Ethics, Charlotte B. Becker, ISBN , page 1562 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;
- Paul, Ellen F. Liberalism: Old and New. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. p. 187 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; and
- Sapon, Vladimir; Robino, Sam. Right and Left Wings in Libertarianism. Canadian Social Science. 2010, 5 (6) [2016-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.
- Roderick T. Long, "Towards a Libertarian Theory of Class," Social Philosophy and Policy 15:2 1998, 303–349: pp. 304–08. (Online: Part 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, part 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
^ Rothbard, Murray N. The Betrayal of the American Right (PDF). Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2009 [2016-11-14]. ISBN 1610165012. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-07-03）. One gratifying aspect of our rise to some prominence is that, for the first time in my memory, we, 'our side,' had captured a crucial word from the enemy... 'Libertarians'... had long been simply a polite word for left-wing anarchists, that is for anti-private property anarchists, either of the communist or syndicalist variety. But now we had taken it over...
^ Libertarian Party 2010 Platform. The Libertarian Party: 1. May 2010 [24 September 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-05）.
^ Watts, Duncan. Understanding American government and politics: a guide for A2 politics students 2nd Revised. Manchester University Press. 16 March 2006: 246. ISBN 978-0-7190-7327-4.
^ Gallup Poll news release, September 7–10, 2006.

外部連結

Konkin's History of the Libertarian Movement. （原始内容存档于2011-08-07）.

[1] Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition of libertarianism. [2016-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.

[Variants1-2] For philosophical literature describing the variations of libertarianism, see:
Bevir, Mark. Encyclopedia of Political Theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2010. page 811 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

Vallentyne, Peter. Libertarianism. Edward N. Zalta (编). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2009. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. March 3, 2009 [March 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-06）. in addition to the better-known version of libertarianism—right-libertarianism—there is also a version known as 'left-libertarianism' ;

Christiano, Thomas, and John P. Christman. Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy. Contemporary debates in philosophy, 11. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p. 121 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

Lawrence C. Becker, Charlotte B. Becker. Encyclopedia of ethics, Volume 3 Encyclopedia of Ethics, Charlotte B. Becker, ISBN , page 1562 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

Paul, Ellen F. Liberalism: Old and New. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. p. 187 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; and

Sapon, Vladimir; Robino, Sam. Right and Left Wings in Libertarianism. Canadian Social Science. 2010, 5 (6) [2016-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.

Roderick T. Long, "Towards a Libertarian Theory of Class," Social Philosophy and Policy 15:2 1998, 303–349: pp. 304–08. (Online: Part 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, part 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)

[3] Bevir, Mark. Encyclopedia of Political Theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2010. page 811 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

[4] Vallentyne, Peter. Libertarianism. Edward N. Zalta (编). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2009. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. March 3, 2009 [March 5, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-06）. in addition to the better-known version of libertarianism—right-libertarianism—there is also a version known as 'left-libertarianism' ;

[5] Christiano, Thomas, and John P. Christman. Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy. Contemporary debates in philosophy, 11. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p. 121 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

[6] Lawrence C. Becker, Charlotte B. Becker. Encyclopedia of ethics, Volume 3 Encyclopedia of Ethics, Charlotte B. Becker, ISBN , page 1562 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）;

[7] Paul, Ellen F. Liberalism: Old and New. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. p. 187 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; and

[8] Sapon, Vladimir; Robino, Sam. Right and Left Wings in Libertarianism. Canadian Social Science. 2010, 5 (6) [2016-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-30）.

[9] Roderick T. Long, "Towards a Libertarian Theory of Class," Social Philosophy and Policy 15:2 1998, 303–349: pp. 304–08. (Online: Part 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, part 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)

[3] Rothbard, Murray N. The Betrayal of the American Right (PDF). Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2009 [2016-11-14]. ISBN 1610165012. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-07-03）. One gratifying aspect of our rise to some prominence is that, for the first time in my memory, we, 'our side,' had captured a crucial word from the enemy... 'Libertarians'... had long been simply a polite word for left-wing anarchists, that is for anti-private property anarchists, either of the communist or syndicalist variety. But now we had taken it over...

[Statement_of_Principles-4] Libertarian Party 2010 Platform. The Libertarian Party: 1. May 2010 [24 September 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-05）.

[Understanding_American_government-5] Watts, Duncan. Understanding American government and politics: a guide for A2 politics students 2nd Revised. Manchester University Press. 16 March 2006: 246. ISBN 978-0-7190-7327-4.

[Gallup2006-6] Gallup Poll news release, September 7–10, 2006.

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美國自由意志主義

參考資料

外部連結

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