赫爾曼·何樂禮是德裔美籍教授格奧爾格·何樂禮(Georg Hollerith)之子,赫爾曼出生時全家住在水牛城附近的大菲施林根,他在這裡度過了童年時代。[1]1875年,赫爾曼進入紐約市立學院學習,1879年從哥倫比亞大學礦業學院“礦業工程”(Engineer of Mines)專業畢業,當年19歲。1880年作為礦業工程師生活在曼哈頓,1890年在哥倫比亞大學獲得博士學位。[2]1882年進入麻省理工學院教授機械工程學,在此完成了其第一個打孔卡實驗。 [3]後來搬到了華盛頓特區喬治城居住,並在此發明出了打孔卡片製表機。1929年在華盛頓因心臟病逝世,并葬於橡樹丘公墓。
發明
何樂禮製錶機和分類機何樂禮打孔卡美國人口調查局使用著其製錶機
離開麻省理工學院的教授工作后開始為美國人口調查局工作,在約翰·肖·比林斯的敦促下,[4]赫爾曼·何樂禮發明瞭使用電氣連接觸發記錄信息的機器。這個機器的關鍵點在與其可以從卡片上的特定排列的孔洞分析出數據來。他的博士論文《An Electric Tabulating System》(1889)便是以此為題。[5]同年1月8日,赫爾曼·何樂禮申請了美國專利第395,782號,專利名為“編譯數據藝術”(Art of Compiling Statistics)。[6][7]
^ 2.02.12.2Da Cruz, Frank. Herman Hollerith. www.columbia.edu. Columbia University. 28 Mar 2011 [28 Feb 2014]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-13).
^O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. Herman Hollerith. The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. [5 March 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-08).引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Lydenberg, Harry Miller. John Shaw Billings: Creator of the National Medical Library and its Catalogue, First Director of the New York Public Library. American Library Association. 1924: 32.
^Randell (ed.), Brian. The Origins of Digital Computers, Selected Papers 3rd. Springer-Verlag. 1982. ISBN 0-387-11319-3.
^US patent 395782,Herman Hollerith,「Art of compiling statistics」,发行于1889-01-08
^IBM Archives: Frequently Asked Questions(PDF). [2014-03-31]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2018-11-06). Some accounts of the merger forming CTR state that three corporations were merged. This reference notes that only three of the four merged corporations are represented in the CTR name. That may be the reason for the differing accounts.
Hollerith, Herman. In connection with the electric tabulation system which has been adopted by U.S. government for the work of the census bureau (Ph.D. dissertation). Columbia University School of Mines. 1890.
Hollerith, H. An Electric Tabulating System. The Quarterly, Columbia University School of Mines. April 1889, X (16): 238–255 [2014-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-14).
Hollerith, Herman. The Electric Tabulating Machine. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 57, No. 4). December 1894, 57 (4): 678–682. JSTOR 2979610. doi:10.2307/2979610.
Richard Hollerith Papers (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Hagley Museum and Library. Richard Hollerith was the grandson of Herman Hollerith and part of this collection documents the sale and settlement of the Herman Hollerith estate following the death of his last remaining child, Virginia.