越南国家银行（越南语：Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam／銀行茹渃越南，英語：State Bank of Vietnam，简称SBV）是越南社会主义共和国的国家银行，属于越南中央政府中的一个部级机构[4]，其总部设于首都河内市[2]。
名称
越南国家银行原由越南民主共和国（即越战中的北越政权）于1951年5月6日创立，当时原名称为“Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam／銀行國家越南”（Vietnam National Bank），[9]后于1961年10月26日正式将名称改为“Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam”（State Bank of Vietnam）。[10]“Nhà nước”与“Quốc gia”两词汇在越南语中有着不同侧重的含义，“Nhà nước”一般指國家的政府機構，“Quốc gia”则指国家作為一個整體。[11]因此“Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam”此名称现在于越南语中一般是指南越所建立的越南国家银行。[12]
然而不久后1946年12月第一次印度支那战争爆发，越南民主共和国全国进入战时经济状态，政府分别成立了三个货币区发行各自区域的货币。1947年2月3日越南第一家信贷机构“生产信贷办公室”（越南语：Nha tín dụng sản xuất／衙信用產出）成立，开始为农村地区和集体企业的生产提供资金支持[16]。
第一次印度支那战争末期，1954年7月20日日内瓦会议召开，決定越南实行南北分治[20]。分治後越南国家银行開始逐步销毁从新解放区缴获的敌方货币[21]。1959年，越共中央委員會决定武装统一南方，越南戰爭爆發。1961年10月26日越南国家银行从“Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam”（Vietnam National Bank，VNB）更名为“Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam”（State Bank of Vietnam，SBV）[22][21]。
自南北分治后到1964年底期间，越南国家银行逐步同来自41个国家的265家银行发展了合作关系。同时期在国家银行主导下成立了越南建设银行（越南语：Ngân hàng Kiến thiết Việt Nam／銀行建設越南?）和越南外貿銀行（越南语：Ngân hàng Ngoại thương Việt Nam／銀行外商越南?）[23]。
1976年7月南越行政機構并入北越，越南正式统一，越南社会主义共和国成立。此時南越的越南國家銀行亦正式從組織規劃上併入北方的越南國家銀行。為了正式開始統一全國貨幣，1978年4月1日越共中央政治局發佈了《第08號決議》（Nghị quyết số 08/NQ-TW），越南國家銀行依決議於同年5月5日開始發行新鈔票並回收全國舊鈔票[27]。
1986年，越共更换领导层后，逐步改变其经济政策，学习市场经济和对外开放投资的模式，开始革新开放。1990年5月越南國會批准了两个银行条例，越南的银行体系进入了一個全面转型的時期[28]。1990年至1996年期間，越南國家銀行採取了积极的利率政策工具管理货币政策，並建立了完善的货币市场，這一時期越南國內的信贷以年均36％的速度增长[29]。1997年，越南國會批准了《越南国家银行法》（Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 1997）和《信贷机构法》（Luật Các tổ chức tín dụng），這些法律为越南银行體系继续朝着以市场为导向及进一步於国际接轨的转变奠定了基本的法律基础[30]。2003年越南國會發佈了《越南国家银行法修訂法案》（Luật sửa đổi bổ sung Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 2003），後於2010年越南國會發佈了新的《越南国家银行法》（Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 2010）[31][32]。
2015年5月6日，越南国家银行官方网站换版，其界面经过了重新设计，并且还采用了新的行徽，其旧行徽不再使用[1]。
^ 1.01.1Le Thanh Tung(Editor-in-chief of the SBV Website). SBV announces launching of SBV Website’s new interface. State Bank of Vietnam. 2015年5月6日 [2015-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2015年6月5日） （英语）. On the new version of the SBV site, the interface has been redesigned to be better-organized and more convenient for readers to access and search for information. The special new design features the new SBV logo.
The Vietnam National Bank was officially established under Decision 15/SL dated May 6, 1951 of President Ho Chi Minh.
^ 4.04.14.2《越南国家银行法》 2010，Chương I:Những quy định chung # Điều 2: Vị trí và chức năng của Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam .
^ 5.05.1Ông Nguyễn Văn Bình chính thức làm Thống đốc Ngân hàng Nhà nước. cafef.vn. 2011-03-08 [2015-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-23） （越南语）. Ngày 03/8/2011, kỳ họp thứ nhất khóa XIII Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam đã bỏ phiếu phê chuẩn bổ nhiệm các thành viên của Chính phủ theo đề nghị của Thủ tướng Chính phủ Nguyễn Tấn Dũng.
After the August Revolution Triumph on September 2nd, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh declared the Proclamation of Independence, which gave birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The young government of workers and farmers class faced great challenges in solving urgent livelihood issues, consolidating and strengthening their government power, and at the same time, defending their new state from sabotage conducted by the French colony and other anti-revolutionary forces. The revolutionary government faced many financial challenges: just over 1.25 million piastres of Indochina currency remained in the Treasury, half of which were torn notes; Bank of Indochina was still in the hand of the colonists, who were trying to sabotage the Republic’s monetary system; and the new government’s revenues were small compared to its necessary expenditures...
Responding to an appeal by President Ho Chi Minh in December 1946, the whole nation entered into a long struggle of resistance against the French colony. To accommodate the Republic’s war-time economic requirements, the Government established three currency zones, which were allowed to issue regional currencies.On February 3, 1947, the Production Credit Office, the first credit institution in Vietnam, was established to provide funds for production restrict usury in rural areas, facilitate policies to reduce interest rates, and finance collective businesses.
The VNB revoked all the enemy’s bank notes in the newly liberated regions and established a unified money market in the North. The banking network expanded to serve districts and towns, while the number and qualification of banking professionals were improved. On October 26, 1961, the Vietnam National Bank was renamed the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV).
From 1990 – 1996, the SBV adopted a positive interest rate policy as well as tools to manage monetary policy, establish money markets, modernize its technology, and enhance its human resources to regulate the new banking system. During these years, the banking system extended credit to all economic sectors. The growth of credit averaged 36% per year, contributing to the success of restructuring towards industrialization and modernization, while promoting economic growth over many years. In this period, the relationship between Vietnam and international financial and monetary institutions (IMF, WB, and ADB) was resumed.
^Major Responsibilities (About SBV). State Bank of Vietnam. [2015-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2015年6月5日） （英语）. Basing on the Law on the State Bank of Vietnam 2010, the Government issued Decree No.156/2013/ND-CP dated November 11, 2013 (Decree 156) on defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the State Bank of Vietnam. Accordingly, the SBV includes 27 entities, of which 20 entities advise and assist Governor to perform the state management and the central bank functions, 7 entities are the SBV non – productive units.
![行徽[1]](File:New_logo_of_the_state_bank_of_Vietnam.png){kind=logo}
