本表列出世界上速度最快的動物 ,按动物种类分类。
世界上跑最快的生物
以高速摄影机拍摄时年11岁的雌性东南非猎豹 猎豹莎拉 急速奔跑,100米仅用5.95秒,拍摄于2012年 猎豹 是跑得最快的陆生动物,有记录的最高时速在109.4千米到128千米之间,可信的最高时速为98千米。[ 1] 游隼 是飞得最快的鸟类,也是速度最快的动物 ,俯冲时速为389千米。[ 2] 印度枪鱼 是海中速度最快的动物,但最高时速不确定且有争议。[ 3] [ 4]
在比较不同类别动物之间的速度时,可以比较他们一秒钟前进的距离与自身体长的比值(“体长每秒”)。如果用这种比较方式,地球上最快的生物是南加利福尼亚螨(Paratarsotomus macropalpis ),其速度为每秒322个身体长度,[ 5] 相当于人类每小时能跑2092千米。[ 6] 南加利福尼亚螨的速度远高于之前的纪录保持者——澳大利亚虎甲 (Cicindela eburneola)。考虑到自身体长的话,澳大利亚虎甲是世界上最快的昆虫,有记录的速度为每秒1.86米(时速6.7千米),或171体长每秒。[ 7] 作为速度最快的陆地哺乳动物,猎豹 最快只能跑16体长每秒。朱红蜂鸟 (安氏蜂鸟)是每秒体长速度最快的脊椎动物 。[ 5]
无脊椎动物
鱼
有研究指出,由于物理限制,鱼类游行时速可能无法超过36千米。因此若有更大的数字则值得怀疑。[ 3] [ 4]
动物
图像
最大记录速度
备注
印度枪鱼
132 km/h[ 38] [來源請求]
据称一条在海中被鱼钩钩住的印度枪鱼曾将鱼线 以每秒120英尺(132 km/h)的速度从卷线器 上拉走。[ 38]
旗鱼属
109.19 km/h[來源請求]
在美国佛罗里达州长匙(Long Key)的一系列实验中,旗鱼在3秒钟内游过并跳出91米,相当于时速109千米,这个速度包括跳出水面,严格来说并不算是游泳速度。[ 39]
剑旗鱼 (剑鱼)
97 km/h[來源請求]
97千米的时速是基于詹姆斯·格雷 假定一只270千克的剑旗鱼将“剑”插入船的木板3英尺所需速度的错误计算,因为曾经发生过这样的事。这个数字似乎毫无疑问地被人们当作参考资料,仿佛真有人测到过这个速度一样。
黄鳍金枪鱼
76 km/h[ 40]
金枪鱼尾巴的极快摆动可以引发空穴现象 ,随着蒸汽积累,使其速度下降。[ 4] 金枪鱼有着缺少神经末梢的、多刺的鳍,这使得其感不到空穴现象引发的疼痛,但不能完全保护它们免受内爆的伤害。
尖吻鲭鲨 (灰鲭鲨)
72 km/h[來源請求]
若处于水中并且没有鱼线的阻碍,尖吻鲭鲨被测到过50千米的可信时速。有人声称一只尖吻鲭鲨的冲刺时速达到了74千米。但在野外让一条鱼在测量过的赛道上游直线是极其困难的。在实验室进行的一系列测试中(包含不同种类的鱼,代表不同的体型大小),让鱼在人造水流中游动,最终测得惊人一致的最大冲刺“身体长度”速度——每秒10个身体长度。因此,对于平均体长2米的尖吻鲭鲨来说,理论上的最高速度大约在72km/h。但有些估算指出尖吻鲭鲨的速度能更快。
两栖动物
动物
图像
最大记录速度
备注
瑙塔蝾螈
24.14 km/h
也被称为安第斯蝾螈(Andean Salamander),是有记录的速度最快的两栖动物。[ 41] [ 42]
爬行动物
动物
图像
最大记录速度
备注
眼斑巨蜥
40.23 km/h
通常被认为是有记录的最快的爬行动物
美洲鬣蜥
35.41 km/h [ 43]
大型树栖蜥蜴,能在地面高速奔跑。
棱皮龟
35.28 km/h[ 44]
拥有所有海龟中最符合流体动力学的体形,具有巨大的泪珠状身体。
黑刺尾鬣蜥
34.6 km/h[ 45]
在较早的资料中常被认为是跑得最快的蜥蜴。
六线鞭尾蜥
28.97 km/h
一种遍布美国南部和墨西哥的小蜥蜴。
黑曼巴蛇
22.53 km/h[ 46]
科摩多巨蜥
20.92 km/h[ 47]
能以13英里/小时(21千米/小时)的速度短暂奔跑,但更喜欢偷袭狩猎。[ 47]
鸟类
动物
图像
最大记录速度
备注
游隼
389 km/h[ 2] [ 8]
游隼是飞得最快的鸟类,甚至是速度最快的动物。游隼在追猎俯扑时达到最高速度,而不是在水平飞行时。捕猎时,游隼会先冲上高空,然后以超过时速320千米的速度俯冲。[ 2] 以其最大体长58厘米为例,俯冲速度可达到186体长每秒,相当于人每秒能跑170米。
金雕
240–320 km/h
在追猎俯扑时速度可达240–320 km/h。以其最大体长102厘米为例,最快速度可达66-87体长每秒,相当于人每秒能跑60-80米。
白喉针尾雨燕
169 km/h[ 10] [ 11] [ 12]
扑翼飞行速度最快的鸟。
燕隼
160 km/h[ 13]
在狩猎时,有时甚至可以飞过诸如雨燕 之类的鸟类。
军舰鸟
153 km/h
军舰鸟的高速得益于其有着最大的翅膀-身体重量比。
原鸽 (野鸽子)
148.9 km/h[ 15]
鸽子在一次640千米的比赛中被测到平均148.9千米的时速。
距翅雁
142 km/h
红胸秋沙鸭
129 km/h[ 48]
海东青 (鹘鹰、矛隼)
128 km/h
灰头信天翁
127 km/h[ 17] [ 18]
朱红蜂鸟 (安氏蜂鸟)
98.27 km/h[ 24]
朱红蜂鸟(安氏蜂鸟)是每秒体长速度最快的脊椎动物,速度为每秒276个身体长度。
鸵鸟
96.6 km/h[ 25]
鸵鸟是所有现存鸟类中最高和最重的物种。虽然其庞大的身体使其不能飞行,但鸵鸟已经适应了地面生活并有着极高的敏捷性。鸵鸟的平均速度可达45 mph(72 km/h)[ 49] ,在短时间内可达60 mph(96.6 km/h)的最高速度,每个蹄印之间的距离达3.7米。这也使鸵鸟成为跑得最快的双足动物。鸵鸟有着不俗的耐力,能以时速48千米跑半个小时。
^ 在一场南极风暴中大约9小时不间断的顺风飞行的持续地面速度。
^ 2.0 2.1 斑纹角马和狮子有记录的平均速度大约一致。
哺乳动物
参见
注释
参考资料
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