2012年度美國國防授權法

2012财政年度美国国防授权法案（英語：National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012）^[1]是由美国总统奥巴马于2011年12月31日签署的一项法案^[2]^[3]。该法案共计拨款6,620亿美元^[4]给“美国防御及海外利益”。

奥巴马表示，该法案用于解决国家安全计划、国防部的医疗费用、国内外的反恐及军队现代化建设等问题^[5]^[6]。

內容

法庭外无限拘禁第1021款

美国国防授权法案关于拘留的章节以“肯定”总统具有关于对恐怖分子使用军事力量的授权(AUMF)规定的权力开始。关于对恐怖分子使用军事力量的授权是直接受911袭击事件影响而通过的两议院共同决议案。该决议案赋予总统基于战争法使用美军拘留任何“属于或暗中支持基地组织、塔利班，或涉及相关敌视美国及其盟友的团体”的人（包括美国公民^[7]），以及任何卷入对美国或其盟友的“交战行为”以帮助这些团体的人的权力，“无须审判，直到关于对恐怖分子使用军事力量的授权所定义的敌对行为结束为止”。

参考资料

^ 112th Congress, 1st Session, H1540CR.HSE: "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Obama signs defense bill, pledges to maintain legal rights of terror suspects. Washington Post. [2011-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）.
^ Obama Signs NDAA. ACLU. 2011-12-31 [2011-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-29）.
^ Wolverton, J., "Obama Signs National Defense Authorization Act into Law," The New American, [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ “President Obama's signing statement” （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） , “White House Press Office”, December 31, 2011
^ Barack Obama: Statement on Signing the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project [online]. 2011-12-31 [2012-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-07）.
^ Greenwald, Glenn. Three myths about the detention bill. Salon (website). 2012-12-16 [2012-11-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16）. Section 1021, authorizes indefinite detention for the broad definition of “covered persons” […]. And that section does provide that “Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect existing law or authorities relating to the detention of United States citizens, lawful resident aliens of the United States, or any other persons who are captured or arrested in the United States.” So that section contains a disclaimer regarding an intention to expand detention powers for U.S. citizens, but does so only for the powers vested by that specific section. More important, the exclusion appears to extend only to U.S. citizens “captured or arrested in the United States” — meaning that the powers of indefinite detention vested by that section apply to U.S. citizens captured anywhere abroad (there is some grammatical vagueness on this point, but at the very least, there is a viable argument that the detention power in this section applies to U.S. citizens captured abroad).

[1] 112th Congress, 1st Session, H1540CR.HSE: "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2] Obama signs defense bill, pledges to maintain legal rights of terror suspects. Washington Post. [2011-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）.

[aclu1-3] Obama Signs NDAA. ACLU. 2011-12-31 [2011-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-29）.

[4] Wolverton, J., "Obama Signs National Defense Authorization Act into Law," The New American, [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[5] “President Obama's signing statement” （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） , “White House Press Office”, December 31, 2011

[6] Barack Obama: Statement on Signing the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project [online]. 2011-12-31 [2012-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-07）.

[7] Greenwald, Glenn. Three myths about the detention bill. Salon (website). 2012-12-16 [2012-11-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16）. Section 1021, authorizes indefinite detention for the broad definition of “covered persons” […]. And that section does provide that “Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect existing law or authorities relating to the detention of United States citizens, lawful resident aliens of the United States, or any other persons who are captured or arrested in the United States.” So that section contains a disclaimer regarding an intention to expand detention powers for U.S. citizens, but does so only for the powers vested by that specific section. More important, the exclusion appears to extend only to U.S. citizens “captured or arrested in the United States” — meaning that the powers of indefinite detention vested by that section apply to U.S. citizens captured anywhere abroad (there is some grammatical vagueness on this point, but at the very least, there is a viable argument that the detention power in this section applies to U.S. citizens captured abroad).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

2012年度美國國防授權法

內容

法庭外无限拘禁 第1021款

参考资料

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia

法庭外无限拘禁第1021款