从技术方面来说,Linux发行版 的不同之处在于支持的硬件设备和系统或者软件包配置不同。由于历史原因,不同的组织也会导致不同的发行版。其他的原因有安全性方面的,如安全更新的频率;软件包管理的易用性;可用软件包的数量。
这些表格根据客观的准则比较了一些值得注意的发行版的最新稳定版。不包含操作系统的主观评价,标记为不稳定或测试版的分支以及Linux发行版与其他操作系统的比较。
概况
各发行版的基本信息:创造者或生产者,发行日期,最新版本等等。
发行版
创造者
维护者
首次公开发行年份
最新稳定版本
安全性更新(年)
最近更新日期
System distribution commitment
基础发行版
目的
價格
状态
AlmaLinux
AlmaLinux Foundation
AlmaLinux Foundation
2021
9.0
10 years[ 1]
2022-05-26
X
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
server, workstation
免費
活跃
Alpine Linux
Alpine Linux Team
Alpine Linux Team
2006
3.16.0[ 2]
?
2022-05-23
X
LEAF Project
security, lightweight, general
免費
活跃
ALT Linux
ALT Linux Team
ALT Linux Team, ALT Linux LLC
2001
10.0[ 3]
?
22 April
X
Mandrake Linux
general, school
免費
活跃
antiX
Anticapitalista
Anticapitalista
2007
19.4[ 4]
?
2021-05-21
X
Debian, MEPIS
old computers
部分免費
活跃
ArchBang
Willensky Aristide
Stan McLaren
2011
滾動
滾動
?
X
Arch Linux (UKM Edition)
general
免費
活跃
Arch Linux
Judd Vinet
dev team
2002
滾動
滾動
滾動
X
独立,从CRUX获得灵感
general
免費
活跃
BLAG
Brixton Linux Action Group
Brixton Linux Action Group
2002
140k
?
2011-05-04
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Fedora
desktop
免費
不活跃
Bodhi Linux
Bodhi Linux Team
Bodhi Linux Team
2011
5.0.0[ 5]
?
2018-08-22
X
Debian, Ubuntu
desktop, lightweight
免費
活跃
Canaima
CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community
CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community
2007
6.1[ 6]
?
2020-06-24
X
Debian, Ubuntu
Government of Venezuela
免費
活跃
CentOS
CentOS Project
CentOS Project
2003
8.2-2105
10年[ 7]
2021-11-16
X
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
server, workstation
免費
活跃
Chakra
Jan Mette and Arch Linux KDEmod developers
The Chakra Project Team
2010
滾動
滾動
?
X
Arch Linux[ 8]
desktop
免費
活跃
Chrome OS
Sundar Pichai
Google
2009
102.0.5005.75[ 9]
6.5年[ 10]
2022-05-27
X
Chromium OS
web applications
免費
活跃
ClearOS
Peter Baldwin
ClearFoundation
2000
7.8.0[ 11]
?
2020-06-23
X
RHEL, CentOS
server, gateway, network
部分免費
活跃
CrunchBang Linux
Philip Newborough
Philip Newborough
2008
11[ 12]
?
2013-05-06
X
Debian
desktop
免費
不活跃
Damn Small Linux
John Andrews
dev team
2003
4.4.10[ 13]
?
2008-11-18
X
Debian, Knoppix
lightweight, portable
免費
不活跃
Debian
Ian Murdock
Debian Project
1993
11.3[ 14]
~3年[ g 1]
2022-03-26
Debian Social Contract and DFSG (main is 100% free, non-free packages are optional)[ 15]
Softlanding Linux System (SLS) [ 16]
general, server, desktop
免費
活跃
Debian Edu
Debian Project
2004
11.2[ 17]
~3年[ g 1]
2021-12-18
Debian Social Contract and DFSG
Debian
schools
免費
活跃
Devuan
The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA)
The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA)
2016
2.1[ 18]
?
2019-11-25
X [ 19]
Debian
general
免費
活跃
Deepin
Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., Ltd.
Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., Ltd.
2004
20.6[ 20]
?
2022-05-31
?
Debian(current), Ubuntu, Morphix(formerly)
general
免費
活跃
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Matias A. Fonzo
Matias A. Fonzo
2009
3.0-beta1[ 21]
?
2019-10-16
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Independent, inspired from Slackware
general
免費
活跃
dyne:bolic
Jaromil
Jaromilx
2005
3.0.0
?
2011-09-08
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Debian
multimedia
免費
不活跃
Elementary OS
Daniel Foré
elementary LLC
2011
6.1[ 22]
?
2021-12-19
X
Ubuntu, Debian
general
免費
活跃
ELinOS
SYSGO
SYSGO
1999
7.0[ 23]
?
2020-03-01
X
–
embedded system s
部份
活跃
Emdebian Grip
Embedded Debian Project
Embedded Debian Project
2009
3.1
產品壽命結束
2013-06-15
X
Debian
embedded system s
免費
不活跃
EndeavourOS
Bryan Poerwoatmodjo
EndeavourOS
2019
滾動
滾動
2019-07-15
X
Arch Linux
general
免費
活跃
Fedora
Fedora專案
Fedora Project
2003
36[ 24]
1 year
2022-05-06
Fedora Licensing Guidelines[ 25]
Red Hat Linux
general
免費
活跃
Freespire
Lindows.com, Inc.
PC/OpenSystems LLC
2001
8.0.1[ 26]
?
2022-01-12
X
Ubuntu
desktop
免費
活跃
Gentoo Linux
Daniel Robbins
Gentoo Foundation , Inc.
2002
滾動
滾動
滾動
Gentoo Social Contract
Enoch Linux
general
免費
活跃
Guix
Ludovic Courtès
Ludovic Courtès, Ricardo Wurmus, the Guix community
2012
1.3.0[ 27]
滾動
2021-05-11
100% Free: GNU FSDG
–
general
免費
活跃
gNewSense
Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley
Sam Geeraerts with sponsorship from the FSF
2006
4.0 (Ucclia)[ 28]
?
2016-05-02
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Debian
general, server
免費
不活跃
gnuLinEx
Regional Government of Extremadura
dev team
2002
LinEx 2013
?
2013-02-11
X
Debian
desktop
免費
不活跃
Grml
Michael Prokop
The Grml Team
2005
2021.07[ 29]
?
2021-07-26
X
Debian
live, maintenance, security, network, forensic, accessibility
免費
活跃
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre
Hyperbola Founders
Hyperbola Founders
2017
0.3[ 30]
穩定版3年,舊穩定版5年[ 31]
2019-09-23
100% Free: GNU FSDG followed in Hyperbola Social Contract
Arch Linux
general
免費
活跃
Instant WebKiosk
Marco Buratto
Binary Emotions
2012
16.0[ 32]
?
2017-04-05
X
Debian
web kiosks, digital signage , personal web navigation
免費
活跃
Kali Linux
Max Moser, Mati Aharoni, Martin J. Muench
Offensive Security
2013
2022.3[ 33]
?
2022-08-09
X
Debian
auditing, forensic, security, network
免費
活跃
Knoppix
Klaus Knopper
dev team
2000
8.6[ 34]
?
2019-08-08
X
Debian
live
免費
活跃
Kodibuntu
The XBMC Project
Team Kodi
2008
?
?
?
X
Debian, Ubuntu
multimedia
免費
不活跃
Korora
Chris Smart
Dev Team
2005
26[ 35]
?
2017-09-16
X
Fedora
desktop
免費
不活跃
LibreCMC
LibreCMC team
LibreCMC team
2010
1.5.4[ 36]
?
2020-12-31
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Merged from LibreWRT
embedded system s
免費
活跃
Linspire
Linspire, Inc.
Linspire, Inc.
2001
9.5[ 37]
?
2020-03-03
X
Ubuntu
?
商業使用[ 38]
活跃
Linux Mint
Clement Lefebvre
dev team
2006
20.2[ 39]
~3年 (LMDE ); 5年(主要版本)
2021-07-08
X
Debian(LMDE), Ubuntu(主要版本)
desktop
免費
活跃
Linux Lite
Jerry Bezencon
Linux Lite Team
2012
5.0[ 40]
?
2020-05-31
X
Ubuntu
desktop
免費
活跃
Mageia
Mageia Community
mageia.org
2010
7.1[ 41]
1 year
2019-07-01
X
Mandriva Linux
general
免費
活跃
Mandriva Linux
Mandrakesoft S.A.
Mandriva S.A.
1998
2011
?
2011-08-28
X
Red Hat Linux
general
部分免費
不活跃
Manjaro Linux
Roland Singer
dev team
2012[ 42]
滾動
滾動
滾動
X
Arch Linux
general
免費
活跃
MEPIS
Warren Woodford
MEPIS LLC
2003
11.9.90
?
?
X
Debian
desktop, server
免費
不活跃
Musix GNU+Linux
Musix team
Musix team
2008
3.0.1
?
2014-03-13
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Debian
multimedia
免費
不活跃
Netrunner
Blue Systems
dev team
2009
20.01[ 43]
比照Debian
2020-02-23
X
Debian
desktop
免費
活跃
NixOS
Eelco Dolstra and Armijn Hemel
NixOS Foundation
2003
21.05[ 44]
0.5年
2021-06-01
X
–
general, server, desktop
免費
活跃
Novell Open Enterprise Server
Novell
Novell , Inc. dev team
2003
OES 2018 SP1
?
?
X
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
server
商業使用[ 45]
活跃
OpenELEC
Stephan Raue, OpenELEC Team
OpenELEC Team
2011
8.0.4
?
2017-06-04
X
Kodi
multimedia
免費
不活跃
openSUSE
SUSE Linux
openSUSE Project
2006
Leap 15.2[ 46]
3年[ 47]
2020-07-02
X
–
general, desktop
免費
活跃
OpenWrt
?
OpenWrt team
2007
21.02.3[ 48]
?
2022-04-20
X
–
embedded system s
免費
活跃
OpenMandriva Lx
OpenMandriva Association
OpenMandriva Association
2013
4.1
?
2020-02-01
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Mandriva Linux
general
免費
活跃
Oracle Linux
Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation
2006
8.1[ 49]
?
2019-11-17
X
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
server
免費
活跃
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Parabola Hackers
Parabola Hackers
2009
滾動 [ 50]
滾動
2017-05-28
100% Free: GNU FSDG followed in Parabola Social Contract
Arch Linux
general
免費
活跃
Pardus
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK)
TÜBİTAK
2005
21.2[ 51]
?
2022-03-29
X
Gentoo (2011.2) Debian
general
免費
活跃
Parsix
Alan Baghumian
Parsix Project
2005
8.15
?
2017-01-25
X
Debian
desktop
免費
不活跃
Parted Magic
Patrick Verner
Parted Magic LLC.
?
2020_12_25
?
2020-12-25
?
-
live, maintenance
商業使用[ 52]
活跃
PCLinuxOS
Bill Reynolds
dev team
2003
2020.1015[ 53]
半滾動
2020-10-14
X
Mandriva Linux
desktop
免費
活跃
Pop! OS
Carl Ritchell
System76
2017
22.04[ 54]
2 years for LTS releases.
2–3 months after the next release for other releases.
2022-04-25
X
Ubuntu
desktop, server, laptop
免費
活跃
Pentoo
Michael Zanetta, Rick Farina, Jens Pranaitis
Pentoo
2005
2019.1
?
2019-01-17
X
Gentoo Linux
auditing, security
免費
活跃
Porteus
Fanthom
Porteus
2010
4.0[ 55]
?
2018-04-29
X
Slackware
lightweight, portable
免費
活跃
Puppy Linux
Barry Kauler
Puppy Foundation
2003
8.0[ 56]
?
2019-04-11
X
Independent, inspired from Vector linux
lightweight, portable
免費
活跃
Qubes OS
乔安娜·鲁特克丝卡
Invisible Things Lab
2012
4.1.1[ 57]
?
2022-07-18
X
Xen and Fedora
security by compartmentalization, desktop
免費
活跃
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
Red Hat
Red Hat
2002
8.5[ 58]
10年[ 59]
2021-11-09
X
Red Hat Linux, Fedora
server, workstation
商業使用[ 60] [ 61]
活跃
Red Hat Linux
Red Hat
Red Hat
1995
9
?
2003-03-31
X
–
server, workstation
免費
不活跃
ROSA
?
LLC NTC IT ROSA
2011
R11[ 62]
?
2019-03-15
X
Mandriva
server, general
免費
活跃
Rocks Cluster Distribution
UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp
UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp
2000
7.0
?
2015-12-01
X
Red Hat Linux
server, workstation
免費
活跃
Sabayon Linux
Fabio Erculiani
dev team
2005
19.03[ 63]
?
2019-03-31
X
Gentoo Linux
general
免費
活跃
Salix OS
Cyrille Pontvieux, George Vlahavas, Pierrick Le Brun, Thorsten Mühlfelder
Salix team
2009
14.2
?
2016-08-29
X
Slackware
general
免費
?
Scientific Linux
CERN , Fermilab
dev team
2004
7.6[ 64]
?
2018-12-03
X
Red Hat Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
server, workstation
免費
不活跃
Slackware
Patrick Volkerding
dev team
1993
15.0[ 65]
?
2022-02-02
X
Softlanding Linux System (SLS)
general
免費
活跃
Slax
Tomas Matejicek
Tomas Matejicek
2002
11.3[ 66]
?
2022-03-27
X
Debian, Slackware (until Slax 9)
live
免費
活跃
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Christophe Lincoln
dev team
2008
滾動
滾動
2017-12-03
X
Independent
portable
免費
活跃
Solus
Ikey Doherty
dev team
2005
滾動
滾動
2021-02-03
X
–
desktop
免費
活跃
SolydXK
Arjen Balfoort
dev team
2013
201902[ 67]
Debian軟體包比照Debian
2019-03-03
X
Debian
desktop
免費
活跃
SparkyLinux
?
Sparky Linux team
2012
6.0[ 68]
?
2021-08-19
X
Debian
general, video games
免費
活跃
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Ryan Abrams, Eric Schabell
dev team
2002
0.62-11
?
2017-10-22
Source Mage Social Contract
Sorcerer
general
免費
活跃
SteamOS
Valve
Valve
2013
2.195[ 69]
?
2019-07-19
X
Debian
video games
免費
活跃
SUSE Linux Enterprise
SUSE
SUSE
2000
15SP2
各版本13年[ 70]
2020-07-21
Common code base for x86-64, Power, System z, Arm64
Slackware , Jurix
edge, workstation, server, supercomputer
商業使用[ 71]
活跃
Tails
?
Tails Development Team
2009
5.4[ 72]
–[ g 2]
Template:2022-08-04
X
Debian
security-focused aimed for anonymity and privacy
免費
活跃
Tiny Core Linux
Robert Shingledecker
Team Tiny Core
2009
12.0[ 73]
?
2021-02-17
X
Independent, inspired from Damn Small Linux
portable
免費
活跃
Tor-ramdisk
Anthony G. Basile
dev team
2008
20170130
?
2017-01-30
X
Gentoo Linux Embedded, uClibc
Tor server
免費
活跃
Trisquel GNU/Linux
Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam)
Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam)
Template:2005
10.0[ g 3]
3 years
2020-10-16
100% Free: GNU FSDG [ 74]
Ubuntu LTS
desktop
免費
活跃
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Alon Swartz, Liraz Siri
TurnKey GNU/Linux Team
2008
16.0 Release #12[ 75]
Debian軟體包比照Debian;TurnKey軟體包依照目前主要版本的生命週期
2020-12-22
Debian Social Contract and DFSG
Debian
server based software appliance library aiming to balance security and ease of use
免費
活跃
Ubuntu and Derivatives[ 76]
Canonical Ltd.
Canonical Ltd.
2004
22.04 LTS[ 77]
標準版1年,長期支援 版5年。Flavor LTS版本為3到5年。
2022-04-21
X
Debian
general, server, desktop, supercomputer, IBM mainframe
免費
活跃
Univention Corporate Server
Univention GmbH
Univention GmbH
2004
5.0-2[ 78]
免費核心版最多6個月;購買維護後最多7年,可參考[ 79]
2022-06-30
X
Debian
home, business, and school
Core Edition is gratis
活跃
Ututo
Diego Saravia, Daniel Olivera
UTUTO dev team
2000
XS 2012
?
2012-04-27
100% Free: GNU FSDG
Ututo XS: Gentoo Linux , Ututo UL: Ubuntu
general
免費
?
VectorLinux
Robert S. Lange
dev team
1999
VL 7.2[ 80]
?
2017-08-28
X
Slackware
desktop
免費
不活跃
Void Linux
Juan Romero Pardines
Juan RP and contributors
2008
滾動
滾動
2019-11-09
X
Independent, partially inspired by FreeBSD/NetBSD
general
免費
活跃
Webconverger
Kai Hendry
Webconverger Limited
2007
35.0
?
2016-05-19
X
Debian
kiosk software , digital signage
商業使用
活跃
Xandros
Xandros Incorporated
Xandros Incorporated
2001
?
?
2007-07-26
X
Corel Linux
?
商業使用
不活跃
Zentyal
eBox Technologies
eBox Technologies
2005
7.0[ 81]
?
2021-03-15
X
Debian, Ubuntu
small business server
部分免費
?
Zenwalk
Jean-Philippe Guillemin
dev team
2004
滾動 [ 82]
?
2020-12-10
X
Slackware
general
免費
活跃
Zorin OS
Zorin Group
Zorin Group
2009
OS 16.1
?
2022-03-10
X
Ubuntu
general, desktop ,windows & mac-like experience
Zorin OS Lite & Core免費,而Business和Ultimate需要付費
活跃
发行版
创造者
维护者
首次公开发行年份
最新稳定版本
安全性更新(年)
最近更新日期
System distribution commitment
基础发行版
目的
價格
状态
^ 1.0 1.1 Debian releases are officially supported for 1 year after the subsequent release, with releases being approximately 2 years apart. The Debian LTS Project provides community based support extending the complete support period to 5 years.
^ All security updates are in new versions which are released every six weeks.
^ for more information visit: https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )
技术
下面的列表展示了默认的文件系统,但是很多Linux发行版支持一些或全部这些的文件系统 ext2 , ext3 , ext4 , Btrfs , ReiserFS , Reiser4 , JFS , XFS , GFS2 , OCFS2 , 和 NILFS . 在大部分文件系统上安装Linux都是可行的。ext文件系统, 以及后续的ext2, ext3, 和 ext4 都是基于最初的Linux文件系统。
檔案系統可能由公司根據其需求開發、由業餘愛好者開發,或改寫自Unix 、Microsoft Windows和其他作業系統。Linux完全支援XFS、JFS、FAT (DOS 檔案系統)和Macintosh 的主要檔案系統HFS 。現在也已經開發了對於Windows NT 的NTFS 檔案系統的支援,可與其他Unix原生檔案系統相提並論。也支援光碟和藍光光碟的ISO 9660 和通用光碟格式 。
與其他作業系統不同,Linux和Unix允許存放於任何介質的檔案系統,包括磁碟、光碟、USB硬碟,甚至是另一個檔案系統中的檔案裡面;同樣也廣泛支援許多C的編譯器(主要是GCC )、init系統 (主要是sysvinit )、桌面環境和視窗管理程式。
发行版
默认 Linux内核
默认文件系统
默认 init 守护进程
安装时可选的桌面环境 或窗口管理器
可複製的構建
Alpine Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
openrc
none
否
ALT Linux
Binary blobs
ext3
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce
否
Arch Linux
Binary blobs[ 83]
none[ 84]
systemd
none
否
BLAG
Linux-libre
ext3
sysvinit
GNOME
否
Bodhi Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
Moksha (Enlightenment fork)
否
Canaima
Binary blobs[ 83]
?
systemd
Cinnamon and MATE
否
CentOS
Binary blobs[ 83]
xfs
systemd
GNOME
否
Chakra
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
ClearOS
Binary blobs
ext3
systemd
none (Web based)
否
Container Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
None
否
CrunchBang Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
sysvinit
Openbox
否
Damn Small Linux
Binary blobs
ext3
sysvinit
JWM
否
Debian
默認情況下是Linux-libre,但Debian Project還託管一個非自由的儲存庫 ,允許選擇性安裝blob。[ 83] Built with Linux-libre tools.[ 85]
ext4
systemd
GNOME, KDE , Xfce , LXDE [ 86]
In progress[ 87] [ 88]
Devuan
Binary blobs
ext4
sysvinit
Xfce
否
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Linux-libre
ext4
runit
Xfce
否
dyne:bolic
Linux-libre
?
systemd
GNOME
否
Fedora
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
GNOME (default Workstation Edition), Spins for: KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, LXDE, MATE (with Compiz), Cinnamon, Sugar on a Stick
In progress[ 89]
Funtoo
Binary blobs
none
openrc
None
否
Gentoo
Binary blobs
none
openrc
Awesome , Enlightenment, Fluxbox, GNOME, KDE, LXDE-Meta, Openbox, XBMC and Xfce (live DVD)[ 90]
否
gNewSense
Debian Linux內核,但與Debian不同,無法安裝blob[ 85]
ext3
sysvinit
GNOME
否
gnuLinEx
Binary blobs
ext2
?
GNOME
否
Guix
Linux-libre
btrfs, ext4
GNU Shepherd
GNOME, Xfce, Mate, Enlightenment, i3, ratpoison, xmonad
In progress[ 91]
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre
Linux-libre
none
openrc[ 92]
none
否
Instant WebKiosk
Binary blobs
SquashFS
systemd
Has no DE. It's a browser-only interface
否
Kali Linux
Binary blobs
ext3
systemd
GNOME
否
Knoppix
Binary blobs
xfs
microknoppix
LXDE
否
LibreCMC [ 93]
Binary blobs
ext4
busybox-init
none
否
Linux Mint [ 94]
Binary blobs[ 83]
ext4
systemd
MATE , Cinnamon , KDE 4 , XFCE
否
Mageia
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME
否
Mandriva Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
Manjaro Linux
Binary blobs
none[ 95]
systemd
Xfce , KDE , GNOME [ 96]
否
MEPIS
Binary blobs
ext3, ext4
sysvinit
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
Musix GNU+Linux [ 97]
Linux-libre
ext4
initscripts
LXDE
否
OpenELEC
Binary blobs
SquashFS
shell script
XBMC Media Center
否
openSUSE
Binary blobs
btrfs
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, Xfce
In progress[ 98]
OpenWrt
Binary blobs
overlayfs +SquashFS /JFFS2 [ 99]
procd[ 100]
none
否
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Linux-libre
none
openrc or systemd
none
否
Pardus
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
Parsix
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
GNOME
否
PCLinuxOS
Binary blobs
none
sysvinit
KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce, Enlightenment, Openbox
否
Pentoo
Binary blobs
SquashFS
openrc
Enlightenment
否
Porteus
Binary blobs
Squashfs, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, reiser, xfs
sysvinit
KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Openbox, Razor-qt
否
Puppy Linux
Binary blobs
SquashFS containing ext2
busybox-init
JWM
否
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Binary blobs
xfs
systemd
GNOME
否
Rxart Desktop
Binary blobs
ext3
?
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
Sabayon Linux
Binary blobs
ext4[ 101]
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME
否
Scientific Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
sysvinit, systemd[ 102]
GNOME
否
Slackware
Binary blobs[ 83]
ext4
sysvinit compatible BSD init scripts
KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, Fluxbox, Blackbox , twm
否
Slax
Binary blobs
SquashFS
sysvinit
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Binary blobs
ext3
busybox-init
Openbox
否
Solus
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
Budgie , Gnome, MATE
否
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Binary blobs
ext2
simpleinit-msb
none
否
SteamOS
Binary blobs
?
systemd
Steam
否
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop
Binary blobs[ 83]
btrfs[ 103]
systemd
GNOME
否
Tails
Vanilla Linux[ 83]
?
systemd
GNOME
否
Tor-ramdisk
Binary blobs
ext2
?
none
否
Trisquel
Linux-libre
ext4, xfs
systemd
GNOME , LXDE
否
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
無;設計上為無頭電腦 ;提供Webmin 供管理使用。
否
Ubuntu /Edubuntu
Binary blobs[ 83]
ext4[ 104]
systemd
Unity
否
Ubuntu GNOME
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
GNOME 3
否
Ubuntu MATE
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
MATE
否
Kubuntu
Binary blobs
ext4[ 104]
systemd
KDE Plasma Workspaces
否
Xubuntu
Binary blobs
ext4[ 104]
systemd
Xfce
否
Lubuntu
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
LXQt
否
Ututo
Ututo XS(穩定版)藉由Linux-libre 工具去除了程式碼中的blob的部分[ 105] 。Ututo UL(開發版)使用了Linux-libre 。Ututo UL意思為「Ubuntu-Libre」。
ext3
systemd
GNOME
否
VectorLinux
Binary blobs
ReiserFS
sysvinit
KDE, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Xfce
否
Void Linux
Binary blobs
none
runit
none
否
Webconverger
Binary blobs
gitfs
sysvinit
dwm 限制使用僅限瀏覽器的介面
否
XBMC Live
Binary blobs
ext3
systemd
XBMC Media Center
否
Zentyal
Binary blobs
ext4
systemd
LXDE
否
Zenwalk
Binary blobs
ext4
sysvinit
Xfce
否
发行版
默认 Linux 内核
默认文件系统
默认 init 守护进程
安装时可选的桌面环境或窗口管理器
可複製的構建
价格
以下发行版完全免费:aLinux ,ALT Linux ,Annvix ,Arch Linux ,Ark Linux ,Arudius,Asianux ,Aurox, BLAG Linux and GNU , CentOS , CRUX , Damn Small Linux , Debian , DeLi Linux , DeMuDi , Devil-Linux , dyne:bolic , Easy Peasy , Edubuntu , EnGarde Secure Linux , Fedora , Finnix , Foresight Linux , Freespire , Frugalware , Gentoo , gNewSense , Gnoppix , gnuLinEx , GoboLinux , Gobuntu , Impi Linux , Kanotix , Knoppix , Knoppmyth , Kubuntu , Kurumin Linux , Linux Mint , Lunar Linux , Musix GNU+Linux , NimbleX , NUbuntu , openSUSE , Paipix, Pardus , Parsix , PCLinuxOS , Puppy Linux , QiLinux, SabayonLinux , Satux, Scientific Linux , sidux , Slackware , SLAX , SliTaz GNU/Linux , Source Mage GNU/Linux , Symphony OS , SYS , Trustix , Ubuntu , Ututo GNU/Linux , Xubuntu , XBMC Live , Yoper 和Zenwalk .
以下发行版有不同版本,其中一些免费而另外的则需要付费:Caixa Mágica , Mandriva Linux , MEPIS ,Red Flag Linux ,Zorin OS Pro. (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )
以下发行版需要付费:Elive , Linspire ,[ 106] Novell Open Enterprise Server ,[ 107] Pie Box Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ,[ 108] [ 109] Rxart ,[ 110] SUSE Linux Enterprise .[ 111]
请注意這裡谈论的是"自由软件"(free software),"free"这个词通常指软件的自由使用,而非免费:对于这个不同的解释,参见自由软件定义 。
架构支持
软件包管理和安装
发行版的特性信息。软件包数量仅仅是参考。
Distribution
Free software repositories
Approximate number of pre-compiled packages
Approximate number of source packages
Default package management tool(s)
Package format
Default installer
Graphical installation process
Netinstall
Netboot
Alpine Linux
Free, and nonfree
8,135 [ 177]
?
apk
.apk
setup-alpine
否
?
?
ALT Linux
Free, and nonfree
8,300 [ 178]
?
APT (APT-RPM ), RPM
RPM
是
?
?
Arch Linux
Free, and nonfree
13,117 [ 179]
79,402 from AUR [ 180]
Pacman
.pkg.tar.xz
None (third-party install scripts only)
否
是
iPXE
BLAG
Free only
10,000 [ 181]
?
RPM, yum , APT
RPM
是
否
否
Bodhi Linux
Free, and nonfree
35,000
?
APT
.dpkg
Ubiquity
是
?
?
CentOS
Free, and nonfree
17,565 [ 182]
?
RPM, yum/up2date
RPM
Anaconda
是
是
?
Chakra
Free, and nonfree
3,074 [ 183]
CCR : 4,663[ 184]
Pacman (will be replaced by Akabei in future)
.pkg.tar.xz
Package manager in development
?
?
ClearOS
Free, and nonfree
?
?
RPM, yum
RPM
否
?
?
CrunchBang Linux
Free, and nonfree
23,000
?
APT
.deb
是
?
?
Damn Small Linux
Free, and nonfree
610
?
myDSL, APT
.dsl, .tar.gz, .uci, .unc, .deb
否
?
?
Debian
Free, and nonfree
89,103 [ 185]
21,041 [ a]
APT
.deb
Debian-Installer
是
是
PXE
Devuan
Free, and nonfree
?
?
APT
.deb
Debian-Installer
是
是
PXE
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
Free only
484
?
pkgsystem
.tlz
?
否
否
否
dyne:bolic
Free only
?
?
APT
.deb
Debian-Installer
是
否
否
Fedora
Free, and nonfree
20,000 [ 186]
25,041 [ 187]
DNF , yum, PackageKit
RPM
Anaconda
是
是
?
Gentoo
Free, and nonfree
108 [ 188]
19,582 [ 189] [ b]
Portage
.ebuild , .tbz2
None (third-party install scripts only)
是[ c]
是
PXE
gNewSense
Free only
?
?
APT
.deb
Debian-Installer
是
是
否
gnuLinEx
Free, and nonfree
200
?
APT
.deb
是
?
?
Guix
Free only
9,714 [ 190]
9,714
Guix
.scm , .go
guix system init
是[ 191]
是
否
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre
Free only
14,494 [ 192]
?
Pacman
.pkg.tar.xz
None (third-party install scripts only)
否
是
?
Knoppix
Free, and nonfree
3,600
?
APT
.deb
否
?
?
LibreCMC
Free only
826
?
?
?
否
否
否
Linux Mint
Free, and nonfree
50,781
?
APT
.deb
Ubiquity
是
?
?
Mageia
Free, and nonfree
17,283 (i586), 11,409 (x86-64)[ 193]
8,834 [ 194]
urpmi , rpmdrake
RPM
DrakX
是
是
?
Mandriva Linux
Free, and nonfree
22,600
?
urpmi, rpmdrake
RPM
DrakX
是
?
?
Manjaro Linux
Free, and nonfree
?
? from AUR[ 180]
Pacman
.pkg.tar.xz
Calamares [ 195]
是[ 196]
是
iPXE
MEPIS
Free, and nonfree
20,000
?
APT
.deb
MEPIS Install
是
?
?
Musix GNU+Linux
Free only
1,819
?
APT
.deb
Debian-Installer
是
否
否
OpenELEC
Free, and nonfree
140 [ 197]
?
XBMCbuntu addon manager, own and 3rd party addons
.zip
是
?
?
openSUSE
Free, and nonfree
42,236 with PackMan
34,000
YaST , Zypper
RPM
YaST
是
是
?
OpenWrt
Free, and nonfree
2,000
?
opkg
.ipk
-
否
?
?
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Free only
23,000 [ 198]
?
Pacman
.pkg.tar.xz
None (third-party install scripts only) or Calamares
是
是
?
Pardus
Free, and nonfree
4,000
?
PiSi
.pisi
YALI
是
?
?
Parsix
Free, and nonfree
29,000
14,900
APT
.deb
是
?
?
PCLinuxOS
Free, and nonfree
12,000
?
APT, RPM
RPM
是
?
?
Puppy
Free, and nonfree
700
?
PupGet, DotPup
.pup, .pet
是
?
?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Free, and nonfree
3,000 (plus 9,155 from EPEL)
?
RPM, yum
RPM
Anaconda
是
?
?
Rxart
Free, and nonfree
5,000
?
APT
.deb
是
?
?
Sabayon Linux
Free, and nonfree
>13,130
?
Portage, Entropy
ebuild, .tbz2
Calamares
是
?
?
Scientific
Free, and nonfree
?
?
APT/yum
RPM
是
?
?
Slackware
Free, and nonfree
2,292
7,705 from SlackBulids[ 200]
slackpkg
tgz, .txz , .tlz , .tbz
bash script (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )[ 201]
否
是
是
Slax
Free, and nonfree
2,050
?
none
.lzm
?
?
SliTaz GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree
3,381 [ 202]
?
Tazpkg
.tazpkg
tazinst
是
iPXE
iPXE
Solus
Free, and nonfree
9,500
?
eopkg
.eopkg
os-installer
是
否
否
Source Mage GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree
118
8,876
Sorcery Package Manager
src
是
?
?
SUSE Linux
Free, and nonfree
24,094
11,385
YaST, Zypper
RPM
YaST
是
?
?
Tiny Core Linux
Free, and nonfree
25,160
?
ab, tce-load
tcz
tc-install, core2usb
是
?
?
Tiny SliTaz
Free, and nonfree
50
?
Web site[ 203]
tazpkg
否
?
iPXE
Tor-ramdisk
Free, and nonfree
?
?
none
none
否
?
?
Trisquel
Free only
52,748 [ 204]
?
APT
.deb
Ubiquity
是
是
?
TurnKey GNU/Linux
Free, and nonfree
57,290 [ 185] plus ≈30 custom packages
21,041 [ d] (currently TurnKey only supplies source code for custom packages)
APT
.deb
DI-Live (custom fork of Debian Installer)
否
否
否
Ubuntu , Kubuntu , Xubuntu
Free, and nonfree
88,367 [ 205]
24,474 [ e]
APT
.deb
Ubiquity
是
是
PXE
Ututo
Free only
5,000
?
UTUTO Package Manager
ebuild
?
?
否
否
Vector Linux
Free, and nonfree
?
?
slapt-get , gslapt , installpkg
tgz
是
?
?
Void Linux
Free, nonfree and multilib
6,000
6,719
xbps
.xbps
ncurses script
是
是
否
XBMC Live
Free, and nonfree
?
?
APT
.deb
否
?
?
Zentyal
Free, and nonfree
?
?
APT
.deb
dpkg
是
?
?
Zenwalk
Free, and nonfree
2,000
?
netpkg, installpkg, upgradepkg
tgz, txz
是
?
?
Distribution
Free software repositories
Approximate number of pre-compiled packages
Approximate number of source packages
Default package management tools
Package format
Default installer
Graphical installation process
Netinstall
Netboot
Live CDs/DVDs/USBs
Distribution
Size of media (MB)
RAM use (MB)
Boots from CD
Boots from DVD
Installable live CD/DVD
Installable from USB
Arch Linux
742
是
是
是
是
AUSTRUMI
301
是
是
是
是
BLAG Linux and GNU
696
?
是
否
?
Bodhi Linux
1,024
80
是
是
是
是
CentOS
603 (Minimal) 4,096 (DVD)
是
是
Yes (installable since 6.0)
是
Chakra
2,150
否
是
是
是
Debian
958
是
是
是
是
Devuan
868
是
是
是
是
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre
655
?
是
?
?
?
dyne:bolic
1,650
?
up to version 2.x
是
?
?
Fedora
1,434
256 to 1,024
是
是
是
是
Gentoo
260 (Minimal) 2,048 (Live DVD)
up to 128
是
是
是
是
gNewSense [ 206]
1,200
512
?
?
是
?
Grml
460
32 to 128
是
否
是
是
Guix [ 207]
1,375
366
否
是
是
是
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre
660 and 688
?
是
是
是
是
Knoppix CD
700
128 to 320
是
是
Only DVD edition is maintained
Knoppix DVD
4,813
128 to 500
否
是
LibreCMC
?
?
否
否
否
否
Mandriva Linux One
700
128 to 768
是
是
是
是
Manjaro Linux
473 to 2,200 [ 208]
256 to 1,024
是
是
是
是
MEPIS
700 to 4,000
128 to 512
是
是
是
是
Musix GNU+Linux
2,000
?
否
是
是
是
Nanolinux
18
≈64
是
是
是
是
openGEU
700
192 to 512
是
是
openSUSE (Not 42.1)
700
128 to 768
是
是
是
是
OpenWrt
min 4
min 16
否
否
否
否
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
400 to 3,300
?
是
是
是
是
Pardus
1,256 to 1,276
256 to 1,024
是
是
是
是
PCLinuxOS
130 to 700
96 to 512
是
是
是
是
Pentoo
666 and 700
48 to 96
是
是
By hand[ 209]
By hand
Porteus
224 to 373
min 36
?
?
是
是
Puppy Linux (Slacko)
235
32 to 192
是
是
是
是
Puredyne
542
是
是
是
是
Sabayon Linux Live CD
695
是
是
是
是
Sabayon Linux Live DVD
2,400
否
是
是
是
Scientific Linux
431 to 2,300 [ 210]
640
是
是
是
是
Slackware
2,600
64 to 1,024 [ 211]
是
是
是
是
Slax
200
96 to 320
是
是
是
Solus
1,200
1,024
否
是
是
是
SystemRescueCD
459
是
是
是
是
SliTaz GNU/Linux
35
24 to 192
是
是
是
是
Tails
≈900
≈1,024
否
是
是
是 (when run from DVD)
Tiny Core Linux
16
46
是
是
是
是
Tiny SliTaz
64
4
是
是
By SliTaz
By SliTaz
Tor-ramdisk
5
256 or >[ 212]
是
是
是
是
Trisquel
1,500 [ 213]
384
是
是
是
是
TurnKey GNU/Linux Core (base) appliance ISO
212
~173
是
是
是
是
Ubuntu
1,700 [ 214]
384
是
是
是
是
Ututo
3,500
?
否
是
是
?
Edubuntu
2,900 [ 215]
是
是
是
Kubuntu
1,400 [ 216]
384
是
是
是
是
XBMC Live
700
256 to 1,024
是
否
是
是
Zentyal
600
256
是
是
是
是
Xubuntu
1,200 [ 217]
256
是
是
是
是
Distribution
Size of media (MB)
RAM use (MB)
Boots from CD
Boots from DVD
Installable live CD/DVD
Installable from USB
安全特性
注释
^ From the Sources.gz files in the main , contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2020-06-12, Debian Sid, the development release, have 31717 source packages.
^ Note this number is just of packages in the Official Gentoo Overlay (or Portage Tree). Several hundred other packages are available from other overlays
^ Can be installed graphically (GTK+ and ncurses), but traditionally done by command line (install cd, live cd, netboot, and from distributions).
^ From the Sources.gz files in the main , contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.
^ From the Sources.gz files in the main ,universe , multiverse and restricted sections of Ubuntu Wily.
^ Based on Debian
^ Based on Ubuntu
参见
参考
^ About - AlmaLinux . [2022-08-30 ] . (原始内容存档 于2021-06-28).
^ Alpine 3.16.0 released | Alpine Linux . alpinelinux.org. [2022-06-01 ] . (原始内容存档 于2022-07-28).
^ Новые возможности новых версий ОС "Альт": теперь они развиваются на Десятой платформе репозитория "Сизиф" . 16 December 2021 [22 December 2021] . (原始内容存档 于2022-12-20).
^ antiX-21 (Grup Yorum) released . 2022-10-31 [2022-06-03 ] . (原始内容存档 于2021-11-02).
^ Bodhi Linux 5.0.0 Released . [2020-02-29 ] . (原始内容存档 于2020-12-05).
^ Index of /descargas . CNTI. [2020-10-13 ] . (原始内容 存档于2020-10-20).
^ About - CentOS Wiki . [2020-02-29 ] . (原始内容存档 于2020-12-30).
^ Chakra - History . [1 October 2015] . (原始内容存档 于2014-05-22).
^ Stable Channel Update for ChromeOS . Chrome Releases. [2022-06-01 ] . (原始内容存档 于2022-06-16) (英语) .
^ Auto Update policy . Google Chrome Help. Google. [2019-07-17 ] . (原始内容存档 于2017-03-10).
^ ClearOS Server 7.8 Community Edition Released . CLEAR. [2022-06-01 ] . (原始内容存档 于2020-10-28) (美国英语) .
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外部連結