硫酸铁铵

硫酸铁铵
	IUPAC名; Ammonium iron(III) sulfate; 硫酸铁(III)铵
别名	铁明矾
识别
CAS号	10138-04-2 ; 7783-83-7
ChemSpider	55405
SMILES	[Fe+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[NH4+];
InChI	1/Fe.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;21-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3;
InChIKey	XGGLLRJQCZROSE-DFZHHIFOAY
EINECS	233-382-4
性质
化学式	FeNH4(SO4)2•12H2O
摩尔质量	482.25 g·mol⁻¹
外观	淡紫色八面体结晶
密度	1.71 g/cm3
熔点	39-41 °C（312-314 K）
溶解性（水）	1240 g/L
危险性
NFPA 704	0 1 0
相关物质
其他阴离子	柠檬酸铁铵; 氯化铵
其他阳离子	硫酸铝铵; 硫酸铝钾
相关化学品	硫酸亚铁铵
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硫酸铁铵，又称铁明矾，化学式為NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂·12H₂O，是一種复盐，属于矾类。^[1]它看起来是淡紫色的八面体晶体。关于晶体颜色的来源已有一些讨论，有人将其归因于化合物中的杂质^[2]，也有人则声称是晶体本身的特性。^[3]

硫酸铁铵有顺磁性^[4]和酸性，且对微生物有毒性。^[5]它是一种弱氧化剂，能被还原为莫尔盐。

制备

硫酸铁铵可以通过从硫酸铁和硫酸铵溶液中结晶来制备。通过加入硫酸和硝酸，硫酸亚铁中的亚铁离子被氧化成硫酸铁。向溶液中加入硫酸铵时，会产生硫酸铁铵晶体沉淀。以下方程式忽略了结晶水。

氧化：6 FeSO₄ + 2 HNO₃ + 3 H₂SO₄ = 3 Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 2 NO + 4 H₂O

化合：Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 2 NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂

用途

硫酸铁铵可用于废水处理^[6]、皮革鞣制^[6]、染料生产^[6]以及作为电子元件生产中的蚀刻剂^[7]。它已被广泛应用于绝热制冷设备^[8] 、生化分析^[9]和有机合成^[10]等。

圖集

硫酸铁铵晶体
放在空气中16天后的硫酸铁铵晶体

參考資料

^ Considine, Douglas M: Chemical and process technology encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974, p. 993
^ Christensen, Odin T. On the Cause of the Amethyst Color of Ferric Alum and of Mixed Crystals of Ferric and Manganic Alum. Chem. Lab. Roy. Vet. Agr. Hochschule, KGL. Danske Vidsk. Selsk. Forh.: 173–95.
^ Bonnell, Jane; Philip Perman, Edgar. CCXXIX.—The colour of iron alum. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1921, 119: 1994–1997 [2022-01-15]. doi:10.1039/CT9211901994. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.
^ Cooke, Meyer; Wolf. The Specific Heats of Three Paramagnetic salts at Very Low Temperatures. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1956, 237 (1210): 395–403. Bibcode:1956RSPSA.237..395C. S2CID 97076961. doi:10.1098/rspa.1956.0185.
^ Wang, Fei; et al. Microcalorimetric investigation of the toxic action of ammonium ferric(III)sulfate on the metabolic activity of pure microbes. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2008, 25 (3): 351–357. Bibcode:2008EnvTP..25..351W. PMID 21783873. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2007.11.004.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Wiley Encyclopedia of inorganic chemistry: Volume 4, p. 1704:
^ Chen et al.: United States Patent 5518131 – "Etching molydbenum with ferric sulfate and ferric ammonium sulfate"
^ Grant W. Wilson, Peter T. Timbie: "Construction techniques for adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators using ferric ammonium alum". Cryogenics, Volume 39, Number 4, (1999) , pp. 319–322
^ J. C. Whitehorn: "A system of blood analysis. Supplement II. Simplified method for the determination of chlorides in blood or plasma". Journal of Biological Chemistry (1921), 45 p. 449–60.
^ Yu, Shanxin; et al. Application of ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate in organic synthesis. General Review. 2005, 17 (1): 27–30.

[1] Considine, Douglas M: Chemical and process technology encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974, p. 993

[2] Christensen, Odin T. On the Cause of the Amethyst Color of Ferric Alum and of Mixed Crystals of Ferric and Manganic Alum. Chem. Lab. Roy. Vet. Agr. Hochschule, KGL. Danske Vidsk. Selsk. Forh.: 173–95.

[3] Bonnell, Jane; Philip Perman, Edgar. CCXXIX.—The colour of iron alum. J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1921, 119: 1994–1997 [2022-01-15]. doi:10.1039/CT9211901994. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.

[4] Cooke, Meyer; Wolf. The Specific Heats of Three Paramagnetic salts at Very Low Temperatures. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1956, 237 (1210): 395–403. Bibcode:1956RSPSA.237..395C. S2CID 97076961. doi:10.1098/rspa.1956.0185.

[5] Wang, Fei; et al. Microcalorimetric investigation of the toxic action of ammonium ferric(III)sulfate on the metabolic activity of pure microbes. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2008, 25 (3): 351–357. Bibcode:2008EnvTP..25..351W. PMID 21783873. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2007.11.004.

[ReferenceA-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Wiley Encyclopedia of inorganic chemistry: Volume 4, p. 1704:

[7] Chen et al.: United States Patent 5518131 – "Etching molydbenum with ferric sulfate and ferric ammonium sulfate"

[8] Grant W. Wilson, Peter T. Timbie: "Construction techniques for adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators using ferric ammonium alum". Cryogenics, Volume 39, Number 4, (1999) , pp. 319–322

[9] J. C. Whitehorn: "A system of blood analysis. Supplement II. Simplified method for the determination of chlorides in blood or plasma". Journal of Biological Chemistry (1921), 45 p. 449–60.

[10] Yu, Shanxin; et al. Application of ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate in organic synthesis. General Review. 2005, 17 (1): 27–30.

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硫酸铁铵

制备

用途

圖集

參考資料

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