^大食波斯賈胡死者数千人,殺商胡波斯数千人“The “China Seas” in world history: A general outline of the role of Chinese and East Asian maritime space from its origins to c. 1800”. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures1: 63–86. doi:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.002.
^Tan Ta Sen; Dasheng Chen (2009). Cheng Ho and Islam in Southeast Asia (illustrated, reprint ed.). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 104. ISBN9812308377. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=vIUmU2ytmIIC&pg=PA104&dq=tian+shengong+yangzhou&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iDcWT6f8C8m2gwfUtKn2DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tian%20shengong%20yangzhou&f=false2012年1月10日閲覧. "these manliao ( j§ w) [Southern barbarians] would pollute the Chinese culture through intermarriage and upset the land ownership system through land acquisition. . .For example, in AD 760, Yangzhou was attacked by a nearby garrison troop led by Tian Shengong (HJ^ff-w), who was ironically invited by the local authorities to help crush a local uprising. Consequently, a few thousand Arab and Persian merchants were robbed and killed (Jin Tangshu, ch. 110). In the 830s, a mandarin in Guangzhou took steps to control the Arab and Persian Muslims by ordering that Chinese and barbarians must live in separate quarters and must not intermarry; barbarins were also not allowed to own land and paddy fields (Jin Tangshu, ch. 177) Thereafter, Arab and Persian traders lived in designated quarters . . .they also enjoyed religious freedom and kept their Islamic lifestlye intact. . .the Arab and Persian Muslims were also contented to stay out of the Confucian Chinese world so long as the authorities concerned pledged to provide aman [security] for them to lead a peaceful life according to the Islamic doctrines."
^Tan Ta Sen; Abdul Kadir; Abdul Kadir (Malay). Cheng Ho. Penerbit Buku Kompas. p. 143. ISBN9797094928. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=V-TbryZleo0C&pg=PA143&dq=tian+shengong+yangzhou&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iDcWT6f8C8m2gwfUtKn2DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tian%20shengong%20yangzhou&f=false2012年1月10日閲覧. "Misalnya, pada 760, Yangzhou diserang oleh pasukan tentara di bawah pimpinan Tian Shengong (ffltt^d) yang ironisnya diminta oleh penguasa setempat untuk membantu menumpas pemberontakan daerah. Akibatnya, ribuan saudagar Arab dan Persia dirampok dan dibunuh.22 Pada tahun 830-an, seorang pejabat tinggi di Guangzhou mengambil langkah untuk mengawasi orang orang Muslim Arab dan Persian degan memerintahkan orang China dan orang barbar harus tinggal di pemukiman terpisah dan tidak boleh kawin campur; kaum barbar tidak boleh memiliki tanah dan ladang sawah."
^Ismail Haji Salleh
(Translated by Haji Hashim bin Samin),A History Of The Arrival And The Development Of Islam In Kedah,Naguib Al-Attas, Raniri and the Wujudiyyah of the 17th Century Acheh (Kuala Lumpur: Monographs of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,1969,p.11
^Struve (1993) (note at p. 269), following a 1964 article by Zhang Defang, notes that the entire city's population at the time was not likely to be more than 300,000, and that of the entire Yangzhou Prefecture, 800,000.
(英訳)Lynn A. Struve、 Wang Xiuchu, An Account of Ten days at Yangzhou,1993.(Kang-i Sun Chang、Stephen Owen,The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Vol.2,p170)
Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers' Jaws, Struve, Lynn A. Yale University Press,1993 (paperback 1998), 312 pages