Jens HainmuellerとDaniel J. Hopkinsによる『隠れたアメリカ移民コンセンサス:移民に対する態度の結合分析』と題された同様の論文は、移民に対する同様の態度を確認した[13]。研究者らは、教育状況、出身国、出生地、その他、9つの属性が書いてある架空の移民申請書を元に、米国への入国申請を受理するか尋ねた。その結果、現地人は高水準の仕事に就いている教育を受けた移民を好意的に見ている一方、就労計画のない移民、不法移民、英語が堪能でない移民、イラク系移民を好意的に見ていないことがわかった。
新しい国への適応
米国に入国する留学生の数が増え、彼等の適応は異文化研究において重要である。Yikang Wang による研究『米国における留学生の異文化適応』では、留学生の心理的および社会文化的適応が時と共にどのように変化するかを調べている[14]。心理的適応とは、「異文化移行中の幸福感や満足感」を指し[15]、社会文化的適応とは、新しい文化に適応する能力を指す[15]。心理的適応は米国に少なくとも 24 か月滞在した学生にとって最も大きな変化を示したが、社会文化的適応は時間の経過とともに着実に増加した。
^ abcAbe, David K. (2017-07-19). Rural Isolation and Dual Cultural Existence: The Japanese-American Kona Coffee Community. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–18. ISBN9783319553023
^
May, Stephen (2012). Language and Minority Rights: Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Politics of Language (2, revised ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 346. ISBN9780805863079. https://books.google.com/books?id=04a5HktWe74C2025年3月27日閲覧. "Barry does allow that the acquisition of a new identity may not require completely dispensing with the old one. He describes this process as one of 'additive assimilation' (2001: 81). However, he tends to associate this with overtly multinational states, such as Switzerland or Britain. And certainly [...] it remains for him the exception, rather than the rule."
^ abSchachter, Ariela (1 October 2016). “From "Different" to "Similar": An Experimental Approach to Understanding Assimilation” (英語). American Sociological Review81 (5): 981–1013. doi:10.1177/0003122416659248. ISSN0003-1224.
^Hainmueller, Jens; Hopkins, Daniel J. (2015). “The Hidden American Immigration Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes toward Immigrants”. American Journal of Political Science59 (3): 529–548. doi:10.1111/ajps.12138. ISSN0092-5853. JSTOR24583081.
^Anderson, Shannon Latkin (2016). Immigration, Assimilation, and the Cultural Construction of American National Identity. New York: Routledge. pp. 135. ISBN9781138100411
^Spickard, Paul (2007). Almost All Aliens: Immigration, Race, and Colonialism in American History and Identity. New York: Routledge. pp. 50–51
^Kostelj, Ivica (1998) (Croatian). Hrvatski arkivi: Zatvorski spisi od 1000. do 1500. godine [Croatian archives: Prison records from the years 1000 to 1500]. Zagreb, Croatia (24 October 1998発行)
^Gabbert, Wolfgang (2012). “The longue durée of Colonial Violence in Latin America”. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung37 (3 (141)): 254–275. ISSN0172-6404. JSTOR41636608.
^Thomason, Sarah Grey (2001). Language Contact. Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Georgetown University Press. p. 135. ISBN9780878408542. https://books.google.com/books?id=FGhjAAAAMAAJ2020年7月16日閲覧. "It is possible that, although older English loanwords were nativized into Maori phonology, newer loanwords are no longer being nativized, with the eventual result being a changed Maori phonological system."
^
Hoskins, Te Kawehau; McKinley, Elizabeth (2015). “New Zealand: Maori Education in Aotearoa”. In Crossley, Michael; Hancock, Greg; Sprague, Terra. Education in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. Education Around the World. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 159. ISBN9781472503589. https://books.google.com/books?id=rvnrBQAAQBAJ2020年7月15日閲覧. "The gaping disparity in outcomes between indigenous Māori students and Pākehā (New Zealand Europeans) has its genesis in the colonial provision of education for Māori driven by a social policy of cultural assimilation and social stratification for over 100 years."
^
Hoskins, Te Kawehau; McKinley, Elizabeth (2015). “New Zealand: Maori Education in Aotearoa”. In Crossley, Michael; Hancock, Greg; Sprague, Terra. Education in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. Education Around the World. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 159. ISBN9781472503589. https://books.google.com/books?id=rvnrBQAAQBAJ2020年7月15日閲覧. "From the 1970s, Maori activism across the social field has led to [...] a formal social policy of biculturalism and iwi (tribes) positioned as partners with the state."
^
Neich, Roger (2001). Carved Histories: Rotorua Ngati Tarawhai Woodcarving. Auckland: Auckland University Press. p. 147. ISBN9781869402570. https://books.google.com/books?id=o0Yh5gNKTQMC2020年7月15日閲覧. "The change from stone to metal tools occurred at different times in different areas of the North Island, depending on the amount of contact with European visitors. In the coastal areas this happened very early, starting with the metal obtained from Captain Cook's men and other eighteenth-century explorers such as Jean-Francois-Marie de Durville and Marion du Fresne, followed very soon after by the sealers and whalers. Away from the coasts, the first metals arrived later, in the early nineteenth century, usually as trade items brought by missionary explorers."
^
Smith, Ian (2019). “Sojourning settlers”. Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769–1860. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books (2020発行). p. 129. ISBN9780947492496. https://books.google.com/books?id=613MDwAAQBAJ2020年7月15日閲覧. "It appears that firearms were first acquired by Māori somewhere in the northern North Island about 1806 or 1807."
^King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. ReadHowYouWant.com (2011発行). p. 286. ISBN9781459623750. https://books.google.com/books?id=LKQP2sw_BVoC2020年7月15日閲覧. "Traditional Maori clothing had gone out of general use by the 1850s (and much earlier in communities associated with whaling and trading and those close to European settlements), though it would still be donned, especially cloaks, for ceremonial occasions and cultural performances. As the European settler population had begun to swell in the 1840s, so European clothes, new and second-hand, had become widely available along with blankets, which had the advantage of being usable as clothing and/or bedding."
^
Stoddart-Smith, Carrie (2016). “Radical kaupapa Maori politics”. In Godfery, Morgan. The Interregnum: Rethinking New Zealand. BWB Texts. 39. Bridget Williams Books. pp. 38–39. ISBN9780947492656. https://books.google.com/books?id=ofq9CwAAQBAJ2020年7月15日閲覧. "[...] different western ideas may complement the diverse perspectives of kaupapa Māori frameworks, but it would be an error to construe such ideas as essential to them. Many Māori drive a socialist agenda, for example, and although there are commonalities with some aspects of tikanga Māori, socialism as a political philosophy should not be seen to be implied by Māori narratives."
^
Buick-Constable, John (2005). “Indigenous State Relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Contractual Approach to Self-determination”. In Hocking, Barbara Ann. Unfinished Constitutional Business?: Rethinking Indigenous Self-determination. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. p. 120. ISBN9780855754662. https://books.google.com/books?id=mY6GAwAAQBAJ2020年7月16日閲覧. "From the 1970s, [...] in the wake of a changed international climate of human rights and anti-colonialism, Indigenous peoples around the world sought a reinvigoration of their Indigenous identity and a renewal of their Indigenous self-determination. [...] Largely in tandem with these trends has been a renaissance of the theory and practice of contractualism [...]. The history of Maori-Crown relations in Aotearoa/New Zealand is exemplary of this contractual approach in the struggles of Maori for self-determination historically and contemporaneously."
^O'Regan, Tipene (2014). New Myths and Old Politics: The Waitangi Tribunal and the Challenge of Tradition. BWB Texts. 17. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. ISBN9781927131992. https://books.google.com/books?id=kT3fAwAAQBAJ2020年7月16日閲覧. "[...] my Beaglehole Memorial Lecture of 1991 [...] was delivered at a time when hearings of the [Waitangi] Tribunal were becoming a battleground [...]. Māoridom itself was experiencing a remarkable efflorescence of freshly reconstructed group identities and New Age-style incorporations into Māori ethnic identity. The Waitaha movement emanating from within contemporary Ngāi Tahu was one of these."
^
For example:
Ward, Alan (1974). “Myths and Realities”. A Show of Justice: Racial 'amalgamation' in Nineteenth Century New Zealand. Auckland University Press (2013発行). ISBN9781869405717. https://books.google.com/books?id=l9taAwAAQBAJ2020年7月16日閲覧. "It is often said that Western individualism is in conflict with Polynesian communalism [...]. It is hardly surprising that today Maori attitudes to the law appear more ambivalent than they did in the 1870s and 1880s."
Gordon, Milton M.. Daedalus Yetman. ed. “Assimilation in America: Theory and Reality”. Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston, Mass.) 90 (2): 245–258.
Grauman, Robert A. (1951). Methods of studying the cultural assimilation of immigrants. University of London
Kazal, R. A. (April 1995). “Revisiting Assimilation”. American Historical Society100.
Murguía, Edward (1975). Assimilation, Colonialism, and the Mexican American People. University of Texas at Austin: Center for Mexican American Studies. ISBN978-0-292-77520-6
Zhou, Min (Winter 1997). “Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation”. International Migration Review31 (4, Special Issue: Immigrant Adaptation and Native–Born Responses in the Making of Americans): 975–1008. doi:10.1177/019791839703100408. PMID12293212.