രാസമൂലകങ്ങളുടെ പട്ടിക
Z
പ്രതീകം
മൂലകം
പദോൽപ്പത്തി[ 1] [ 2]
ഗ്രൂപ്പ്
പിരീഡ്
അറ്റോമിക ഭാരം [ 3] [ 4] (u (±)
സാന്ദ്രത (g / cm3
ദ്രവണാങ്കം (K [ 5] ക്വഥനാങ്കം (K )
C [ I] (J / g · K
χ [ I] Abundance in Earth's crust [ II] (mg / kg
1
style="background:#e7ff8f" | H
ഹൈഡ്രജൻ ' ജലത്തെ ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത്' എന്നർത്തം വരുന്ന ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ ഹൈഡ്രോ- , -ജെൻ എന്നീ പദങ്ങളുടെ സന്ധി
1
1
1.008 [ III] [ IV] [ V] [ VI] 0.00008988
14.01 20.28
14.304
2.20
1400
2
He
ഹീലിയം 'സൂര്യൻ' എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ഹീലിയോസ്
18
1
4.002602(2) [ III] [ V] 0.0001785
0.95 [ VII] 4.22
5.193
–
0.008
3
style="background:#ff9d9d" | Li
ലിഥിയം 'കല്ല്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ലിഥോസ്
1
2
6.94 [ III] [ IV] [ V] [ VIII] [ VI] 0.534
453.69 1560
3.582
0.98
20
4
style="background:#ffdead" | Be
ബെറീലിയം ബെറൈൽ , എന്ന ധാതു2
2
9.0121831(5) 1.85
1560 2742
1.825
1.57
2.8
5
B
ബോറോൺ borax , a mineral13
2
10.81[ III] [ IV] [ V] [ VI] 2.34
2349 4200
1.026
2.04
10
6
style="background:#a1ffc3" | C
കാർബൺ കൽക്കരി എന്നർത്ഥം വരുന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ പദം കാർബോ
14
2
12.011[ III] [ V] [ VI] 2.267
3800 4300
0.709
2.55
200
7
style="background:#e7ff8f" | N
നൈട്രജൻ 'നൈറ്റെർ -ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത് എന്നർത്ഥത്തിൽ ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ 'നൈട്രോൺ-' '-ജെൻ' എന്നിവയുടെ സന്ധി'
15
2
14.007[ III] [ V] [ VI] 0.0012506
63.15 77.36
1.04
3.04
19
8
style="background:#e7ff8f" | O
ഓക്സിജൻ 'ആസിഡ് -ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നത് എന്നർത്ഥത്തിൽ ഗ്രീക് പദങ്ങളായ 'ഓക്സി-'(ആസിഡ്) '-ജെൻ' എന്നിവയുടെ സന്ധി
16
2
15.999[ III] [ V] [ VI] 0.001429
54.36 90.20
0.918
3.44
461000
9
style="background:#e7ff8f" | F
ഫ്ലൂറിൻ 'ഒഴുകുക' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ലാറ്റിൻ പദമായ ഫ്ലൂറെ
17
2
18.998403163(6) 0.001696
53.53 85.03
0.824
3.98
585
10
Ne
നിയോൺ 'പുതിയത്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ നിയോസ്
18
2
20.1797(6)[ III] [ IV] 0.0008999
24.56 27.07
1.03
–
0.005
11
style="background:#ff9d9d" | Na
സോഡിയം നേട്രിയം എന്ന ലാറ്റിൻ വാക്ക്
1
3
22.98976928(2) 0.971
370.87 1156
1.228
0.93
23600
12
style="background:#ffdead" | Mg
മഗ്നീഷ്യം ഗ്രീസിലെ മഗ്നേഷ്യ എന്ന സ്ഥലവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട്2
3
24.305 [ VI] 1.738
923 1363
1.023
1.31
23300
13
style="background:#cccccc" | Al
അലുമിനിയം അലൂമിന എന്ന സംയുക്തം
13
3
26.9815385(7) 2.698
933.47 2792
0.897
1.61
82300
14
Si
സിലിക്കൺ അനലാശ്മത്തിന്റെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ സിലെക്സ് 14
3
28.085 [ V] [ VI] 2.3296
1687 3538
0.705
1.9
282000
15
style="background:#a1ffc3" | P
ഫോസ്ഫറസ് 'പ്രകാശം വഹിക്കുന്നത്' എന്നർത്ഥമുള്ള ഗ്രീക് പദമായ ഫൂസ്ഫോറസ്
15
3
30.973761998(5) 1.82
317.30 550
0.769
2.19
1050
16
style="background:#a1ffc3" | S
ഗന്ധകം ലാറ്റിൻ പദം സൾഫർ
16
3
32.06 [ III] [ V] [ VI] 2.067
388.36 717.87
0.71
2.58
350
17
style="background:#e7ff8f" | Cl
ക്ലോറിൻ ഗ്രീക് പദം ക്ലോറോസ് , 'പച്ചകലർന്ന മഞ്ഞ'
17
3
35.45 [ III] [ IV] [ V] [ VI] 0.003214
171.6 239.11
0.479
3.16
145
18
Ar
ആർഗൺ ഗ്രീക് പദം ആർഗോസ് , 'നിഷ്ക്രിയം'
18
3
39.948(1) [ III] [ V] 0.0017837
83.80 87.30
0.52
–
3.5
19
style="background:#ff9d9d" | K
പൊട്ടാസ്യം ന്യൂ ലറ്റിനിലെ പൊട്ടാസ , 'പൊട്ടാഷ്' ( ലാറ്റിൻ ഭാഷയിൽകാലിയം )1
4
39.0983(1) 0.862
336.53 1032
0.757
0.82
20900
20
style="background:#ffdead" | Ca
കാൽസ്യം ലാറ്റിൻ പദം കാൽക്സ് , 'ചുണ്ണാമ്പ്കല്ല്'
2
4
40.078(4) [ III] 1.54
1115 1757
0.647
1
41500
21
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sc
സ്കാൻഡിയം സ്കാൻഡിനേവിയയുടെ ലാറ്റിൻ പേരായ സ്കാൻഡിയ 3
4
44.955908(5) 2.989
1814 3109
0.568
1.36
22
22
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ti
ടൈറ്റാനിയം ഗ്രീക് ഐതിഹ്യത്തിലെ ഭൂദേവിയുടെ പുത്രനായ ടൈറ്റാൻ ദേവൻ
4
4
47.867(1) 4.54
1941 3560
0.523
1.54
5650
23
style="background:#ffc0c0" | V
വനേഡിയം Vanadis , an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja 5
4
50.9415(1) 6.11
2183 3680
0.489
1.63
120
24
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cr
ക്രോമിയം ഗ്രീക് പദം ക്രോമ , അർത്ഥം: 'നിറം'
6
4
51.9961(6) 7.15
2180 2944
0.449
1.66
102
25
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mn
മാൻഗനീസ് corrupted from magnesia negra , see Magnesium
7
4
54.938044(3) 7.44
1519 2334
0.479
1.55
950
26
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Fe
ഇരുമ്പ് ലാറ്റിൻ പദം: ഫെറം
8
4
55.845(2) 7.874
1811 3134
0.449
1.83
56300
27
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Co
കോബാൾട്ട് the ജർമ്മൻ പദംകൊബോൾഡ് , 'goblin'
9
4
58.933194(4) 8.86
1768 3200
0.421
1.88
25
28
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ni
നിക്കൽ from Swedish kopparnickel , containing the German word Nickel , 'goblin'
10
4
58.6934(4) 8.912
1728 3186
0.444
1.91
84
29
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cu
ചെമ്പ് ലാറ്റിൻ പദം: കുപ്രം
11
4
63.546(3) [ V] 8.96
1357.77
2835
0.385
1.9
60
30
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zn
സിങ്ക് ജർമ്മൻ പദം സിങ്ക്
12
4
65.38(2) 7.134
692.88 1180
0.388
1.65
70
31
style="background:#cccccc" | Ga
ഗാലിയം ഫ്രാൻസിന്റെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ ഗാലിയ യിൽ നിന്നും
13
4
69.723(1) 5.907
302.9146 2673
0.371
1.81
19
32
Ge
ജെർമേനിയം ജർമ്മനിയുടെ ലാറ്റിൻ നാമമായ ജർമേനിയ
14
4
72.630(8) 5.323
1211.40
3106
0.32
2.01
1.5
33
As
ആർസെനിക് ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പദം (ലാറ്റിനിൽആർസെനിയം )
15
4
74.921595(6) 5.776
1090 [ IX] 887
0.329
2.18
1.8
34
style="background:#a1ffc3" | Se
സെലീനിയം ഗ്രീക് പദം സെലീൻ , അർഥം: 'ചന്ദ്രൻ'
16
4
78.971(8) [ V] 4.809
453 958
0.321
2.55
0.05
35
style="background:#e7ff8f" | Br
ബ്രോമിൻ the Greek bromos , 'stench'
17
4
79.904 [ VI] 3.122
265.8 332.0
0.474
2.96
2.4
36
Kr
ക്രിപ്റ്റോൺ ഗ്രീക്കിലെ ക്രിപ്റ്റോസ് , അർഥം: 'ഒളിഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്നത്'
18
4
83.798(2) [ III] [ IV] 0.003733
115.79 119.93
0.248
3
1×10−4
37
style="background:#ff9d9d" | Rb
റൂബിഡിയം ലാറ്റിൻ റൂബിഡസ്(കടും ചുവപ്പ്)
1
5
85.4678(3) [ III] 1.532
312.46 961
0.363
0.82
90
38
style="background:#ffdead" | Sr
സ്ട്രോൺഷിയം സ്കോട്ട്ലാൻഡിലെ ഒരു ചെറുപട്ടണമായ സ്ട്രോൺഷിയൻ
2
5
87.62(1) [ III] [ V] 2.64
1050
1655
0.301
0.95
370
39
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Y
യിട്രിയം യിറ്റെർബി , സ്വീഡൻ 3
5
88.90584(2) 4.469
1799
3609
0.298
1.22
33
40
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Zr
സിർകോണിയം പേർഷ്യൻസർഗുൺ (സ്വർണ്ണ-നിറം); ജെർമൻസിർക്കൂൺ , 'ജർഗൂൺ '
4
5
91.224(2) [ III] 6.506
2128
4682
0.278
1.33
165
41
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Nb
നയോബിയം ഗ്രീക് പുരാണത്തിലെ ടാൻഡലസ് രാജാവിന്റെ പുത്രിയായ നയോബി
5
5
92.90637(2) 8.57
2750
5017
0.265
1.6
20
42
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Mo
മൊളിബ്ഡിനം ഗ്രീക്കിലെ മൊളിബ്ഡോസ് അർഥം'ലെഡ് (lead)'
6
5
95.95(1) [ III] 10.22
2896
4912
0.251
2.16
1.2
43
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Tc
Technetium the Greek tekhnètos meaning 'artificial'
7
5
[98][ X] 11.5
2430
4538
–
1.9
~ 3×10−9 [ XI]
44
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ru
Ruthenium Ruthenia , the New Latin name for Russia 8
5
101.07(2)[ III]
12.37
2607
4423
0.238
2.2
0.001
45
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rh
Rhodium the Greek rhodos , meaning 'rose coloured'
9
5
102.90550(2)
12.41
2237
3968
0.243
2.28
0.001
46
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pd
Palladium the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas , considered a planet at the time
10
5
106.42(1)[ III]
12.02
1828.05
3236
0.244
2.2
0.015
47
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ag
Silver English word (argentum in Latin)
11
5
107.8682(2)[ III]
10.501
1234.93
2435
0.235
1.93
0.075
48
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cd
Cadmium the New Latin cadmia , from King Kadmos
12
5
112.414(4)[ III]
8.69
594.22 1040
0.232
1.69
0.159
49
style="background:#cccccc" | In
Indium indigo 13
5
114.818(1)
7.31
429.75 2345
0.233
1.78
0.25
50
style="background:#cccccc" | Sn
Tin English word (stannum in Latin)
14
5
118.710(7)[ III]
7.287
505.08 2875
0.228
1.96
2.3
51
Sb
Antimony composed from the Greek anti , 'against', and monos , 'alone' (stibium in Latin)
15
5
121.760(1)[ III]
6.685
903.78 1860
0.207
2.05
0.2
52
Te
Tellurium Latin tellus , 'earth'
16
5
127.60(3)[ III]
6.232
722.66 1261
0.202
2.1
0.001
53
style="background:#e7ff8f" | I
Iodine French iode (after the Greek ioeides , 'violet')
17
5
126.90447(3)
4.93
386.85 457.4
0.214
2.66
0.45
54
Xe
Xenon the Greek xenos , 'strange'
18
5
131.293(6)[ III] [ IV]
0.005887
161.4 165.03
0.158
2.6
3×10−5
55
style="background:#ff9d9d" | Cs
Caesium the Latin caesius , 'sky blue'
1
6
132.90545196(6)
1.873
301.59 944
0.242
0.79
3
56
style="background:#ffdead" | Ba
Barium the Greek barys , 'heavy'
2
6
137.327(7)
3.594
1000
2170
0.204
0.89
425
57
style="background:#ffbfff" | La
Lanthanum the Greek lanthanein , 'to lie hidden'
3
6
138.90547(7)[ III]
6.145
1193
3737
0.195
1.1
39
58
style="background:#ffbfff" | Ce
Cerium the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres , considered a planet at the time
6
140.116(1)[ III]
6.77
1068
3716
0.192
1.12
66.5
59
style="background:#ffbfff" | Pr
Praseodymium the Greek praseios didymos meaning 'green twin'
6
140.90766(2)
6.773
1208
3793
0.193
1.13
9.2
60
style="background:#ffbfff" | Nd
Neodymium the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'
6
144.242(3)[ III]
7.007
1297
3347
0.19
1.14
41.5
61
style="background:#ffbfff" | Pm
Promethium Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans6
[145][ X] 7.26
1315
3273
–
1.13
2×10−19 [ XI]
62
style="background:#ffbfff" | Sm
Samarium Samarskite , the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated6
150.36(2)[ III]
7.52
1345
2067
0.197
1.17
7.05
63
style="background:#ffbfff" | Eu
Europium Europe 6
151.964(1)[ III]
5.243
1099
1802
0.182
1.2
2
64
style="background:#ffbfff" | Gd
Gadolinium Johan Gadolin , chemist, physicist and mineralogist6
157.25(3)[ III]
7.895
1585
3546
0.236
1.2
6.2
65
style="background:#ffbfff" | Tb
Terbium Ytterby , Sweden6
158.92535(2)
8.229
1629
3503
0.182
1.2
1.2
66
style="background:#ffbfff" | Dy
Dysprosium the Greek dysprositos , 'hard to get'
6
162.500(1)[ III]
8.55
1680
2840
0.17
1.22
5.2
67
style="background:#ffbfff" | Ho
Holmium Holmia , the New Latin name for Stockholm 6
164.93033(2)
8.795
1734
2993
0.165
1.23
1.3
68
style="background:#ffbfff" | Er
Erbium Ytterby , Sweden6
167.259(3)[ III]
9.066
1802
3141
0.168
1.24
3.5
69
style="background:#ffbfff" | Tm
Thulium Thule , the ancient name for Scandinavia6
168.93422(2)
9.321
1818
2223
0.16
1.25
0.52
70
style="background:#ffbfff" | Yb
Ytterbium Ytterby , Sweden6
173.045(10)[ III]
6.965
1097
1469
0.155
1.1
3.2
71
style="background:#ffbfff" | Lu
Lutetium Lutetia , the Latin name for Paris 6
174.9668(1)[ III]
9.84
1925
3675
0.154
1.27
0.8
72
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hf
Hafnium Hafnia , the New Latin name for Copenhagen 4
6
178.49(2)
13.31
2506
4876
0.144
1.3
3
73
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ta
Tantalum King Tantalus , father of Niobe from Greek mythology
5
6
180.94788(2)
16.654
3290
5731
0.14
1.5
2
74
style="background:#ffc0c0" | W
Tungsten the Swedish tung sten , 'heavy stone' (W is wolfram , the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)
6
6
183.84(1)
19.25
3695
5828
0.132
2.36
1.3
75
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Re
Rhenium Rhenus , the Latin name for the river Rhine 7
6
186.207(1)
21.02
3459
5869
0.137
1.9
7×10−4
76
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Os
Osmium the Greek osmè , meaning 'smell'
8
6
190.23(3)[ III]
22.61
3306
5285
0.13
2.2
0.002
77
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Ir
Iridium Iris , the Greek goddess of the rainbow9
6
192.217(3)
22.56
2719
4701
0.131
2.2
0.001
78
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Pt
Platinum the Spanish platina , meaning 'little silver'
10
6
195.084(9)
21.46
2041.4
4098
0.133
2.28
0.005
79
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Au
Gold English word (aurum in Latin)
11
6
196.966569(5)
19.282
1337.33
3129
0.129
2.54
0.004
80
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hg
Mercury the New Latin name mercurius , named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum , from Greek hydr- , 'water', and argyros , 'silver')
12
6
200.592(3)
13.5336
234.43 629.88
0.14
2
0.085
81
style="background:#cccccc" | Tl
Thallium the Greek thallos , 'green twig'
13
6
204.38[ VI]
11.85
577 1746
0.129
1.62
0.85
82
style="background:#cccccc" | Pb
Lead English word (plumbum in Latin)
14
6
207.2(1)[ III] [ V]
11.342
600.61 2022
0.129
1.87
14
83
style="background:#cccccc" | Bi
Bismuth German word, now obsolete
15
6
208.98040(1)[ X]
9.807
544.7 1837
0.122
2.02
0.009
84
style="background:#cccccc" | Po
Polonium Named after the home country of Marie Curie (Poland ), who is also the discoverer of Radium
16
6
[209] [ X] 9.32
527 1235
–
2.0
2×10−10 [ XI]
85
At
Astatine the Greek astatos , 'unstable'
17
6
[210] [ X] 7
575 610
–
2.2
3×10−20 [ XI]
86
Rn
Radon From radium , as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay
18
6
[222] [ X] 0.00973
202 211.3
0.094
2.2
4×10−13 [ XI]
87
style="background:#ff9d9d" | Fr
Francium Francia , the New Latin name for France 1
7
[223][ X] 1.87
300 950
–
0.7
~ 1×10−18 [ XI]
88
style="background:#ffdead" | Ra
Radium the Latin radius , 'ray'
2
7
[226] [ X] 5.5
973 2010
0.094
0.9
9×10−7 [ XI]
89
style="background:#ff99cc" | Ac
Actinium the Greek aktis , 'ray'
3
7
[227] [ X] 10.07
1323
3471
0.12
1.1
5.5×10−10 [ XI]
90
style="background:#ff99cc" | Th
Thorium Thor , the Scandinavian god of thunder7
232.0377(4)[ X] [ III]
11.72
2115
5061
0.113
1.3
9.6
91
style="background:#ff99cc" | Pa
Protactinium the Greek protos , 'first', and actinium , which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium
7
231.03588(2)[ X]
15.37
1841
4300
–
1.5
1.4×10−6 [ XI]
92
style="background:#ff99cc" | U
Uranium Uranus , the seventh planet in the Solar System7
238.02891(3)[ X]
18.95
1405.3
4404
0.116
1.38
2.7
93
style="background:#ff99cc" | Np
Neptunium Neptune , the eighth planet in the Solar System7
[237] [ X] 20.45
917 4273
–
1.36
≤ 3×10−12 [ XI]
94
style="background:#ff99cc" | Pu
Plutonium Pluto , a dwarf planet in the Solar System (then considered the ninth planet)7
[244] [ X] 19.84
912.5 3501
–
1.28
≤ 3×10−11 [ XI]
95
style="background:#ff99cc" | Am
Americium The Americas , as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium7
[243] [ X] 13.69
1449
2880
–
1.13
0 [ XII]
96
style="background:#ff99cc" | Cm
Curium Pierre Curie , a physicist, and Marie Curie , a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium7
[247] [ X] 13.51
1613
3383
–
1.28
0 [ XII]
97
style="background:#ff99cc" | Bk
Berkelium Berkeley, California , where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium7
[247] [ X] 14.79
1259
2900
–
1.3
0 [ XII]
98
style="background:#ff99cc" | Cf
Californium California , where the element was first synthesized7
[251] [ X] 15.1
1173
(1743) [ XIII] –
1.3
0 [ XII]
99
style="background:#ff99cc" | Es
Einsteinium Albert Einstein , physicist7
[252] [ X] 8.84
1133
(1269) [ XIII] –
1.3
0 [ XII]
100
style="background:#ff99cc" | Fm
Fermium Enrico Fermi , physicist7
[257] [ X] (9.7) [ XIII] (1125) [ XIII] –
–
1.3
0 [ XII]
101
style="background:#ff99cc" | Md
Mendelevium Dmitri Mendeleev , chemist and inventor7
[258] [ X] (10.3) [ XIII] (1100) [ XIII] –
–
1.3
0 [ XII]
102
style="background:#ff99cc" | No
Nobelium Alfred Nobel , chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer7
[259] [ X] (9.9) [ XIII] (1100) [ XIII] –
–
1.3
0 [ XII]
103
style="background:#ff99cc" | Lr
Lawrencium Ernest O. Lawrence , physicist7
[266] [ X] (15.6) [ XIII] (1900) [ XIII] –
–
1.3
0 [ XII]
104
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Rf
Rutherfordium Ernest Rutherford , chemist and physicist4
7
[267] [ X] (23.2) [ XIII] (2400) [ XIII] (5800) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
105
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Db
Dubnium Dubna , Russia5
7
[268] [ X] (29.3) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
106
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Sg
Seaborgium Glenn T. Seaborg , scientist6
7
[269] [ X] (35.0) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
107
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Bh
Bohrium Niels Bohr , physicist7
7
[270] [ X] (37.1) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
108
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Hs
Hassium Hesse , Germany, where the element was first synthesized8
7
[277] [ X] (40.7) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
109
Mt
Meitnerium Lise Meitner , physicist9
7
[278] [ X] (37.4) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
110
Ds
Darmstadtium Darmstadt , Germany, where the element was first synthesized10
7
[281] [ X] (34.8) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
111
Rg
Roentgenium Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , physicist11
7
[282] [ X] (28.7) [ XIII] –
–
–
–
0 [ XII]
112
style="background:#ffc0c0" | Cn
Copernicium Nicolaus Copernicus , astronomer12
7
[285] [ X] (23.7) [ XIII] –
357 [ XIV] –
–
0 [ XII]
113
Nh
Nihonium the Japanese name for Japan , Nihon , where the element was first synthesized
13
7
[286] [ X] (16) [ XIII] (700) [ XIII] (1400) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
114
Fl
Flerovium Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions , part of JINR where the element was synthesized; itself named for Georgy Flyorov , physicist14
7
[289] [ X] (14) [ XIII] –
~210 –
–
0 [ XII]
115
Mc
Moscovium Moscow Oblast , Russia, where the element was first synthesized15
7
[290] [ X] (13.5) [ XIII] (700) [ XIII] (1400) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
116
Lv
Livermorium Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California ) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis16
7
[293] [ X] (12.9) [ XIII] (709) [ XIII] (1085) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
117
Ts
Tennessine Tennessee , United States17
7
[294] [ X] (7.2) [ XIII] (723) [ XIII] (883) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
118
Og
Oganesson Yuri Oganessian , physicist18
7
[294] [ X] (5.0) [ XIII] [ XV] –
(350) [ XIII] –
–
0 [ XII]
Notes
↑ 1.0 1.1 Z is the standard symbol for atomic number ; C is the standard symbol for heat capacity ; and χ is the standard symbol for electronegativity on the Pauling scale.
↑ Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay .
↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are:
Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
Thallium: [204.382, 204.385] ↑ This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
↑ The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
↑ This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure.
↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 This element is transient – it occurs only through decay .
↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 This element is synthetic – the transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but they can all be produced artificially.
↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life ; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.
↑ With error bars: 357+112 −108
↑ This predicted value is for liquid oganesson, not gaseous oganesson.
