ਹੈਸਕਲ (ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ)

ਹੈਸਕਲ

ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ	functional, lazy/non-strict, modular
ਡਿਜ਼ਾਇਨ-ਕਰਤਾ	Lennart Augustsson, Dave Barton, Brian Boutel, Warren Burton, Joseph Fasel, Kevin Hammond, Ralf Hinze, Paul Hudak, John Hughes, Thomas Johnsson, Mark Jones, Simon Peyton Jones, John Launchbury, Erik Meijer, John Peterson, Alastair Reid, Colin Runciman, Philip Wadler
ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਆਈ	1990; 35 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ (1990)[1]
ਟਿਕਾਊ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼	Haskell 2010[2] / ਜੁਲਾਈ 2010; 14 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ (2010-07)
ਝਲਕ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼	Haskell 2014 announced[3]
ਟਾਈਪਿੰਗ ਕਾਇਦਾ	static, strong, inferred
ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ	Cross-platform
ਫ਼ਾਈਲਨਾਮ ਐਕਸਟੈਂਸ਼ਨ	.hs, .lhs
ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ	haskell.org
ਮੁੱਖ ਅਮਲ GHC, Hugs, NHC, JHC, Yhc, UHC ਉੱਪਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ Helium, Gofer ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਹੋਈ Clean,[4] FP,[4] Gofer,[4] Hope and Hope+,[4] Id,[4] ISWIM,[4] KRC,[4] Lisp,[4] Miranda,[4] ML and Standard ML,[4] Orwell, SASL,[4] Scheme,[4] SISAL[4] ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ Agda,[5] Bluespec,[6] C++11/Concepts,[7] C#/LINQ,[8][9][10][11] CAL,[ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੋੜੀਂਦਾ] Cayenne,[8] Clean,[8] Clojure,[12] CoffeeScript,[13] Curry,[8] Elm, Epigram,[ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੋੜੀਂਦਾ] Escher,[14] F#,[15] Frege,[16] Hack,[17] Idris,[18] Isabelle,[8] Java/Generics,[8] LiveScript,[19] Mercury,[8] Ωmega,[ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੋੜੀਂਦਾ] Perl 6,[20] Python,[8][21] Rust,[22] Scala,[8][23] Swift,[24] Timber,[25] Visual Basic 9.0[8][9]

ਹੈਸਕਲ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ: Haskell) ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਿਕ੍ਰਿਤ, ਆਮ-ਮਕਸਦ ਫੰਕਸ਼ਨਲ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਹੈਸਕਲ ਕਰੀ ਨਾਮ ਦੇ ਦਾਰਸ਼ਨਿਕ ਤੋਂ ਰਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਮਈ 2016 ਤੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਗਰੁੱਪ ਅਗਲੀ ਵਰਜਨ, Haskell 2020,ਉੱਪਰ ਕੰਮ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।^[26]

ਹੇਠ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈਲੋ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮ ਹੈਸਕਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ:^{[because 1]}

module Main where

main:: IO ()
main = putStrLn "Hello, World!"

ਫਿਬੋਨਾਚੀ ਨੰਬਰ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਕੁਸ਼ਲ ਤਾਮੀਲ ਇੱਕ ਅਨੰਤ ਸੂਚੀ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਹੇਠ ਦਿਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ:

-- Type annotation (optional)
fib:: Int -> Integer

-- With self-referencing data
fib n = fibs !! n
 where fibs = 0: scanl (+) 1 fibs
 -- 0,1,1,2,3,5,...

-- Same, coded directly
fib n = fibs !! n
 where fibs = 0: 1: next fibs
 next (a: t@(b:_)) = (a+b): next t

-- Similar idea, using zipWith
fib n = fibs !! n
 where fibs = 0: 1: zipWith (+) fibs (tail fibs)

-- Using a generator function
fib n = fibs (0,1) !! n
 where fibs (a,b) = a: fibs (b,a+b)

ਹੈਸਕਲ ਵੈੱਬ ਫਰੇਮਵਰਕ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹਨ,^[27] ਇਹਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ:

• Yesod
• Happstack
• Snap^[28]

ਰਿਪੋਰਟ

• Peyton Jones, Simon, ed. (2003). Haskell 98 Language and Libraries: The Revised Report. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521826144. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)Haskell 98 Language and Libraries: The Revised Report. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521826144. 
• Marlow, Simon, ed. (2010). Haskell 2010 Language Report (PDF). Haskell.org. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)Haskell 2010 Language Report (PDF). Haskell.org. 

ਕਿਤਾਬਾ

• Davie, Antony (1992). An Introduction to Functional Programming Systems Using Haskell. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25830-8.ISBN 0-521-25830-8. 
• Bird, Richard (1998). Introduction to Functional Programming using Haskell (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall Press. ISBN 0-13-484346-0.ISBN 0-13-484346-0. 
• Hudak, Paul (2000). The Haskell School of Expression: Learning Functional Programming through Multimedia. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521643384.ISBN 0521643384. 
• Hutton, Graham (2007). Programming in Haskell. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521692695. Archived from the original on 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2016-05-29.ISBN 0521692695. 
• O'Sullivan, Bryan; Stewart, Don; Goerzen, John (2008). Real World Haskell. Sebastopol: O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-51498-0 (full text) {{cite book}}: External link in |postscript= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Thompson, Simon (2011). Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0201882957.ISBN 0201882957. 
• Lipovača, Miran (April 2011). Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!. San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-283-8.ISBN 978-1-59327-283-8.  (full text)
• Bird, Richard (2014). Thinking Functionally with Haskell. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-45264-0.ISBN 978-1-107-45264-0. 

ਟਿਊਟੋਰਿਅਲ

• Hudak, Paul; Peterson, John; Fasel, Joseph (June 2000). "A Gentle Introduction To Haskell, Version 98". Haskell.org.Haskell.org. 
• Yet Another Haskell Tutorial, by Hal Daumé III; assumes far less prior knowledge than official tutorial
• Yorgey, Brent (12 March 2009). "The Typeclassopedia" (PDF). The Monad.Reader (13): 17–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2012. Retrieved 29 ਮਈ 2016{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)Reader (13): 17–68 

ਇਤਿਹਾਸ

• Hudak, Paul; Hughes, John; Peyton Jones, Simon; Wadler, Philip (2007). "A History of Haskell: Being Lazy with Class" (PDF). Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL III): 12-1–55. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238856. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)"A History of Haskell: Being Lazy with Class" (PDF). Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL III): 12–1–55. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238856. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7. 
• Hamilton, Naomi (19 September 2008). "The A-Z of Programming Languages: Haskell". Computerworld."The A-Z of Programming Languages: Haskell". Computerworld. 

• ਅਧਿਕਾਰਿਤ ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ
• ਹੈਸਕਲ ਵਿ ਕੀ 
• Hackage – ਪੈਕੇਜ ਆਰਚੀਵ
• Hoogle – API ਖੋਜ ਇੰਜਣ

ਟਿਊਟੋਰਿਅਲ

• Try Haskell! – in-browser interactive tutorial
• School of Haskell Archived 2015-12-25 at the Wayback Machine. – online tutorials

ਫੁਟਕਲ

• The Monad.Reader – quarterly magazine on Haskell topics
• The Evolution of a Haskell Programmer – slightly humorous overview of different programming styles in Haskell