Безноги водоземци (лат. Gymnophiona водоземаца . Најпознатији представник овог реда је цецилија (тропски, црволики водоземац). Највећи део живота проводи испод земље. Имају редукован реп , кожа им је глатка и најчешће тамна, док постоје и врсте са шареном кожом. Од свих осталих водоземаца се разликују по томе што испод коже имају коштане плоче. Очи су им мале и прекривене танком опном због заштите од земље. Пре се сматрало да су ове животиње слепе, али се данас зна да могу да разликују светлост и таму. Имају чуло мириса и нос. Имају плућа , али дишу преко коже и уста. Лево плућно крило је мање од десног, јер се прилагођава облику тела. На сличну појаву наилазимо и код змија .
Ове животиње живе у тропским пределима и хране се углавном инсектима . Код већине се среће вивипарија , док неке полажу јаја која чува женка. Код неких врста постоји фаза ларве , а код неких одсуствује.
Најновија филогенија безножаца заснива се на молекуларним митогеномским доказима које су испитали Сан Мауро и сар. (2014).[ 3]
Atretochoana Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1995 Boulengerula Tornier, 1896 Brasilotyphlus Taylor, 1968 Caecilia Linnaeus, 1758 Chikila Kamei, San Mauro, Gower, Van Bocxlaer, Sherratt, Thomas, Babu, Bossuyt, Wilkinson and Biju, 2012 Chthonerpeton Peters, 1880 Crotaphatrema Nussbaum, 1985 Dermophis Peters, 1880 Epicrionops Boulenger, 1883 Gegeneophis Peters, 1880 Geotrypetes Peters, 1880 Grandisonia Taylor, 1968 Gymnopis Peters, 1874 Herpele Peters, 1880 Hypogeophis Peters, 1880 Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 Idiocranium Parker, 1936 Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960 Luetkenotyphlus Taylor, 1968 Microcaecilia Taylor, 1968 Mimosiphonops Taylor, 1968 Nectocaecilia Taylor, 1968 Oscaecilia Taylor, 1968 Potamotyphlus Taylor, 1968 Praslinia Boulenger, 1909 Rhinatrema Duméril and Bibron, 1841 Schistometopum Parker, 1941 Scolecomorphus Boulenger, 1883 Siphonops Wagler, 1828 Sylvacaecilia Wake, 1987 Typhlonectes Peters, 1880 Uraeotyphlus Peters, 1880
Atretochoana eiselti (Taylor, 1968) Boulengerula boulengeri Tornier, 1896 Boulengerula changamwensis Loveridge, 1932 Boulengerula denhardti Nieden, 1912 Boulengerula fischeri Nussbaum and Hinkel, 1994 Boulengerula niedeni Müller, Measey, Loader and Malonza, 2005 Boulengerula spawlsi Wilkinson, Malonza, Campbell and Loader, 2017 Boulengerula taitana Loveridge, 1935 Boulengerula uluguruensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1928 Brasilotyphlus braziliensis (Dunn, 1945) Brasilotyphlus dubium Correia, Nunes, Gamble, Maciel, Marques-Souza, Fouquet, Rodrigues and Mott, 2018 Brasilotyphlus guarantanus Maciel, Mott and Hoogmoed, 2009 Caecilia abitaguae Dunn, 1942 Caecilia albiventris Daudin, 1803 Caecilia antioquiaensis Taylor, 1968 Caecilia armata Dunn, 1942 Caecilia attenuata Taylor, 1968 Caecilia bokermanni Taylor, 1968 Caecilia caribea Dunn, 1942 Caecilia corpulenta Taylor, 1968 Caecilia crassisquama Taylor, 1968 Caecilia degenerata Dunn, 1942 Caecilia disossea Taylor, 1968 Caecilia dunni Hershkovitz, 1938 Caecilia flavopunctata Roze and Solano, 1963 Caecilia gracilis Shaw, 1802 Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 Caecilia inca Taylor, 1973 Caecilia isthmica Cope, 1877 Caecilia leucocephala Taylor, 1968 Caecilia marcusi Wake, 1985 Caecilia mertensi Taylor, 1973 Caecilia museugoeldi Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2018 Caecilia nigricans Boulenger, 1902 Caecilia occidentalis Taylor, 1968 Caecilia orientalis Taylor, 1968 Caecilia pachynema Günther, 1859 Caecilia perdita Taylor, 1968 Caecilia pressula Taylor, 1968 Caecilia subdermalis Taylor, 1968 Caecilia subnigricans Dunn, 1942 Caecilia subterminalis Taylor, 1968 Caecilia tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758 Caecilia tenuissima Taylor, 1973 Caecilia thompsoni Boulenger, 1902 Caecilia volcani Taylor, 1969 Chikila alcocki Kamei, Gower, Wilkinson and Biju, 2013 Chikila darlong Kamei, Gower, Wilkinson and Biju, 2013 Chikila fulleri (Alcock, 1904) Chikila gaiduwani Kamei, Gower, Wilkinson and Biju, 2013 Chthonerpeton arii Cascon and Lima-Verde, 1994 Chthonerpeton braestrupi Taylor, 1968 Chthonerpeton exile Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987 Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862) Chthonerpeton noctinectes Silva, Britto-Pereira and Caramaschi, 2003 Chthonerpeton onorei Nussbaum, 1986 Chthonerpeton perissodus Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 1987 Chthonerpeton tremembe Maciel, Leite, Silva-Leite, Leite and Cascon, 2015 Chthonerpeton viviparum Parker and Wettstein, 1929 Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri (Werner, 1899) Crotaphatrema lamottei (Nussbaum, 1981) Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis Lawson, 2000 Dermophis costaricense Taylor, 1955 Dermophis glandulosus Taylor, 1955 Dermophis gracilior Günther, 1902 Dermophis mexicanus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) Dermophis oaxacae (Mertens, 1930) Dermophis occidentalis Taylor, 1955 Dermophis parviceps (Dunn, 1924) Epicrionops bicolor Boulenger, 1883 Epicrionops columbianus (Rendahl and Vestergren, 1939) Epicrionops lativittatus Taylor, 1968 Epicrionops marmoratus Taylor, 1968 Epicrionops parkeri (Dunn, 1942) Epicrionops peruvianus (Boulenger, 1902) Epicrionops petersi Taylor, 1968 Gegeneophis carnosus (Beddome, 1870) Gegeneophis danieli Giri, Wilkinson and Gower, 2003 Gegeneophis goaensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth and Kulkarni, 2007 Gegeneophis krishni Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999 Gegeneophis madhavai Bhatta and Srinivasa, 2004 Gegeneophis mhadeiensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth and Kulkarni, 2007 Gegeneophis orientalis Agarwal, Wilkinson, Mohapatra, Dutta, Giri and Gower, 2013 Gegeneophis pareshi Giri, Gower, Gaikwad and Wilkinson, 2011 Gegeneophis primus Kotharambath, Gower, Oommen and Wilkinson, 2012 Gegeneophis ramaswamii Taylor, 1964 Gegeneophis seshachari Ravichandran, Gower and Wilkinson, 2003 Gegeneophis tejaswini Kotharambath, Wilkinson, Oommen and Gower, 2015 Geotrypetes angeli Parker, 1936 Geotrypetes pseudoangeli Taylor, 1968 Geotrypetes seraphini (Duméril, 1859) Grandisonia alternans (Stejneger, 1893) Grandisonia larvata (Ahl, 1934) Grandisonia sechellensis (Boulenger, 1911) Gymnopis multiplicata Peters, 1874 Gymnopis syntrema (Cope, 1866) Herpele multiplicata Nieden, 1912 Herpele squalostoma (Stutchbury, 1836) Hypogeophis brevis Boulenger, 1911 Hypogeophis montanus Maddock, Wilkinson and Gower, 2018 Hypogeophis pti Maddock, Wilkinson, Nussbaum and Gower, 2017 Hypogeophis rostratus (Cuvier, 1829) Ichthyophis acuminatus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis alfredi Mathew and Sen, 2009 Ichthyophis asplenius Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis atricollaris Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis bannanicus Yang, 1984 Ichthyophis beddomei Peters, 1880 Ichthyophis bernisi Salvador, 1975 Ichthyophis biangularis Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis billitonensis Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis bombayensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis cardamomensis Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme and Müller, 2015 Ichthyophis catlocensis Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme and Müller, 2015 Ichthyophis chaloensis Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme and Müller, 2015 Ichthyophis daribokensis Mathew and Sen, 2009 Ichthyophis davidi Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth, Kulkarni and Radhakrishnan, 2011 Ichthyophis dulitensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis elongatus Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis garoensis Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999 Ichthyophis glandulosus Taylor, 1923 Ichthyophis glutinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ichthyophis humphreyi Taylor, 1973 Ichthyophis hypocyaneus (Van Hasselt in Boie, 1827) Ichthyophis javanicus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis khumhzi Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower and Biju, 2009 Ichthyophis kodaguensis Wilkinson, Gower, Govindappa and Venkatachalaiah, 2007 Ichthyophis kohtaoensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis lakimi Nishikawa, Matsui and Yambun, 2012 Ichthyophis laosensis Taylor, 1969 Ichthyophis larutensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis longicephalus Pillai, 1986 Ichthyophis mindanaoensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis monochrous (Bleeker, 1858) Ichthyophis moustakius Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower and Biju, 2009 Ichthyophis multicolor Wilkinson, Presswell, Sherratt, Papadopoulou and Gower, 2014 Ichthyophis nguyenorum Nishikawa, Matsui and Orlov, 2012 Ichthyophis nigroflavus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis nokrekensis Mathew and Sen, 2009 Ichthyophis orthoplicatus Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis paucidentulus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis paucisulcus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis pauli Nishikawa, Matsui, Sudin and Wong, 2013 Ichthyophis pseudangularis Taylor, 1965 Ichthyophis sendenyu Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower and Biju, 2009 Ichthyophis sikkimensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis singaporensis Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis sumatranus Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis supachaii Taylor, 1960 Ichthyophis tricolor Annandale, 1909 Ichthyophis weberi Taylor, 1920 Ichthyophis youngorum Taylor, 1960 Idiocranium russeli Parker, 1936 Indotyphlus battersbyi Taylor, 1960 Indotyphlus maharashtraensis Giri, Wilkinson and Gower, 2004 Luetkenotyphlus brasiliensis (Lütken, 1851) Microcaecilia albiceps (Boulenger, 1882) Microcaecilia butantan Wilkinson, Antoniazzi and Jared, 2015 Microcaecilia dermatophaga Wilkinson, Sherratt, Starace and Gower, 2013 Microcaecilia grandis Wilkinson, Nussbaum and Hoogmoed, 2010 Microcaecilia iwokramae (Wake and Donnelly, 2010) Microcaecilia iyob Wilkinson and Kok, 2010 Microcaecilia marvaleewakeae Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2013 Microcaecilia nicefori (Barbour, 1924) Microcaecilia pricei (Dunn, 1944) Microcaecilia rabei (Roze and Solano, 1963) Microcaecilia rochai Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011 Microcaecilia savagei Donnelly and Wake, 2013 Microcaecilia supernumeraria Taylor, 1969 Microcaecilia taylori Nussbaum and Hoogmoed, 1979 Microcaecilia trombetas Maciel and Hoogmoed, 2011 Microcaecilia unicolor (Duméril, 1863) Mimosiphonops reinhardti Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 1992 Mimosiphonops vermiculatus Taylor, 1968 Nectocaecilia petersii (Boulenger, 1882) Oscaecilia bassleri (Dunn, 1942) Oscaecilia elongata (Dunn, 1942) Oscaecilia equatorialis Taylor, 1973 Oscaecilia hypereumeces Taylor, 1968 Oscaecilia koepckeorum Wake, 1984 Oscaecilia ochrocephala (Cope, 1866) Oscaecilia osae Lahanas and Savage, 1992 Oscaecilia polyzona (Fischer in Peters, 1880) Oscaecilia zweifeli Taylor, 1968 Potamotyphlus kaupii (Berthold, 1859) Praslinia cooperi Boulenger, 1909 Rhinatrema bivittatum (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) Rhinatrema gilbertogili Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed and Schneider, 2018 Rhinatrema nigrum Dunn, 1942 Rhinatrema ron Wilkinson and Gower, 2010 Rhinatrema shiv Gower, Wilkinson, Sherratt and Kok, 2010 Rhinatrema uaiuai Maciel, Sampaio, Hoogmoed and Schneider, 2018 Schistometopum gregorii (Boulenger, 1895) Schistometopum thomense (Bocage, 1873) Scolecomorphus kirkii Boulenger, 1883 Scolecomorphus uluguruensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1928 Scolecomorphus vittatus (Boulenger, 1895) Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1822) Siphonops hardyi Boulenger, 1888 Siphonops insulanus Ihering, 1911 Siphonops leucoderus Taylor, 1968 Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 Sylvacaecilia grandisonae (Taylor, 1970) Typhlonectes compressicauda (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) Typhlonectes natans (Fischer in Peters, 1880) Uraeotyphlus gansi Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum and Wilkinson, 2008 Uraeotyphlus interruptus Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999 Uraeotyphlus malabaricus (Beddome, 1870) Uraeotyphlus menoni Annandale, 1913 Uraeotyphlus narayani Seshachar, 1939 Uraeotyphlus oommeni Gower and Wilkinson, 2007 Uraeotyphlus oxyurus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
^ Nussbaum, Ronald A. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G., ур. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians 52 –59. ISBN 978-0-12-178560-4 . ^ а б Frost, Darrel R. (2019). „Gymnophiona Müller, 1832” . Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 . American Museum of Natural History. Приступљено 11. 9. 2019 . ^ San Mauro, D.; Gower, D. J.; Müller, H.; Loader, S. P.; Zardoya, R.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Wilkinson, M. (2014). „Life-history evolution and mitogenomic phylogeny of caecilian amphibians”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 73 : 177—189. PMID 24480323 . doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.009 . hdl :10261/123960
