Евангелизам

Евангелизам, еванђеоско хришћанство, или евангелички протестантизам је светски транс-конфесионални покрет унутар протестантског хришћанства који одржава веровање да се суштина Јеванђеља састоји од доктрине спасења само по благодати, искључиво кроз веру у Исусово спасење.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Евангеличари верују у централну улогу обраћења или искуство „поновног рођења“ у примању спасења, у ауторитет Библије као Божјег откривења човечанству и ширење хришћанске поруке. Покрет је дуго био присутан у Англосфери пре него што се проширио даље у 19, 20. и почетком 21. века.

Његово порекло се обично води до 1738. године, при чему разни теолошки токови доприносе његовом оснивању, укључујући пијетизам, пуританизам, квекеризам, презбитеријанизам и моравијанизам (посебно његовог бискупа Николе Зинзендорфа и његова заједница у Хернхуту).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Превасходно, Џон Весли и други рани методисти били су у корену подстицања овог новог покрета током Првог великог буђења. Данас се евангелисти налазе у многим протестантским гранама, као и у разним деноминацијама које нису подведене под одређену грану.^[9] Међу вођама и главним личностима евангеличког протестантског покрета били су Џорџ Фокс, Џон Весли, Џорџ Вајтфилд, Џонатан Едвардс, Били Грејам, Бил Брајт, Харолд Окенга, Џон Стот и Мартин Лојд-Џонс.^[5]^[8]^[10] Покрет је добио велики замах током 18. и 19. века Великим буђењима у Великој Британији и Сједињеним Државама.

Реформација

У доба реформације, под њим се подразумевало прихватање аугзбуршког исповедања вере, за разлику од припадања католицизму или реформисаним црквама.^[11] Такво значење појма је и даље на снази у Европи и јавља се у службеним називима многих лутеранских цркава. У 18. веку, као евангелисти су били познати они који су били наклоњени протестантској енглеској цркви, као и они међу неконформистима који су ове подржавали. Енглески евангелисти су наглашавали значај Светог писма, потребу за очувањем вере, потребу за високим личним моралом и заступничко искупљење.

Америка и Енглеска

У Америци 19. века, појам еванђеоски се односио на оне цркве које су заступале идеје препорода, пробуђења (ревивализам). Сматрало се да ове цркве имају много заједничког и њихове вође су се надале да ће један еванђеоски уједињени фронт помоћи да Америка постане стварно хришћанска земља.

У Енглеској су 1846. противници англо-римокатоличког покрета остварили међусобну сарадњу на нивоу Евангелистичког савеза. Савез је потврдио исповедање вере у девет тачака, где се помињало и надахнуће Светим писмом, заступничко искупљење, затим Света Тројица, као и грехопад и изопаченост човечанства. Јединство које се развијало међу евангелистичким црквама почетком века почело је да се осипа под ударцима дарвинизма, критицизма и индустријализације.

Покрети

Различите цркве су различито реаговале на ове изазове и класични евангелистички покрет се расцепио на либерале, конзервативце и тзв. покрет друштвеног јеванђеља. Четрдесетих година 20. века почео је да се рађа нов еванђеоски покрет и то у крилу напреднијег дела америчког фундаментализма, који је с временом постао отворенији према свету и црквеном предању. Сазревањем фундаменталистичке теологије, конзервативне цркве у Америци почеле су да се развијају и та тенденција је и данас евидентна.

Еванђеоски покрет у локалним црквама дао је свој допринос формирању и јачању ванконгрегационалних институција. Већ 1970. еванђеоски покрет је постао главна снага америчког протестантизма. Нове еванђеоске цркве су постале најбрже растућа верска заједница у САД.

Види још

Евангелизација

Референце

^ Stanley 2013, стр. 11. "As a transnational and trans-denominational movement, evangelicalism had from the outset encompassed considerable and often problematic diversity, but this diversity had been held in check by the commonalities evangelicals on either side of the North Atlantic shared - most notably a clear consensus about the essential content of the gospel and a shared sense of the priority of awakening those who inhabited a broadly Christian environment to the urgent necessity of a conscious individual decision to turn to Christ in repentance and faith. Evangelicalism had maintained an ambiguous relationship with the structures of Christendom, whether those structures took the institutional form of a legal union between church and state, as in most of the United Kingdom, or the more elusive character that obtained in the United States, where the sharp constitutional separation between church and state masked an underlying set of shared assumptions about the Christian (and indeed Protestant) identity of the nation. Evangelicals had differed over whether the moral imperative of national recognition of godly religion should also imply the national recognition of a particular church, but all had been agreed that being born or baptized within the boundaries of Christendom did not in itself make one a Christian."
^ Sproul, R. C. (2016). What Is Reformed Theology?: Understanding the Basics. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. стр. 36. ISBN 978-0-8010-1846-6. „The Reformers called themselves evangelicals because they believed the doctrine of justification by faith alone is central and essential to [the gospel]. Since the biblical word for gospel is evangel, they used the term evangelical to assert their conviction that sola fide is [the gospel].”
^ The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 1978.
^ Operation World
^ ^а ^б Christian Scholar's Review, Volume 27 (на језику: енглески). Hope College. 1997. стр. 205. „This was especially true of proto-evangelical movements like the Quakers, organized as the Religious Society of Friends by George Fox in 1668 as a group of Christians who rejected clerical authority and taught that the Holy Spirit guided”
^ Quaker History, Volumes 94-95 (на језику: енглески). Friends Historical Association. 2005. стр. 46. „Emma Malone, active in the evangelical Quaker community in Cleveland, co-founded (with her husband) the Christian Workers Training School. This school helped to train the leadership of evangelical Quakers”
^ Brian Stiller. Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century. стр. 28, 90. , Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015.
^ ^а ^б Angell, Stephen Ward; Dandelion, Pink (19. 4. 2018). The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism (на језику: енглески). Cambridge University Press. стр. 293. ISBN 978-1-107-13660-1.
^ „Christianity report” (PDF). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-08-05. г. Приступљено 2014-12-30.
^ Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends (на језику: енглески). Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. стр. 2.
^ Mohler 2011, стр. 103–104.

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Спољашње везе

Institute for the Study of American Evangelicalism, Wheaton College, Архивирано из оригинала 2002-08-06. г., Приступљено 2002-08-10 .
Spencer, Michael (10. 3. 2009), „The Coming Evangelical Collapse”, The Christian Science Monitor .
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American Evangelicalism and Islam: From the Antichrist to the Mahdi, Germany: Qantara .
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FULLER Magazine Issue No. 2 – Evangelical, Архивирано из оригинала 2015-09-03. г., Приступљено 2015-09-02 – An exploration of what it means to be Evangelical

[FOOTNOTEStanley201311-1] Stanley 2013, стр. 11. "As a transnational and trans-denominational movement, evangelicalism had from the outset encompassed considerable and often problematic diversity, but this diversity had been held in check by the commonalities evangelicals on either side of the North Atlantic shared - most notably a clear consensus about the essential content of the gospel and a shared sense of the priority of awakening those who inhabited a broadly Christian environment to the urgent necessity of a conscious individual decision to turn to Christ in repentance and faith. Evangelicalism had maintained an ambiguous relationship with the structures of Christendom, whether those structures took the institutional form of a legal union between church and state, as in most of the United Kingdom, or the more elusive character that obtained in the United States, where the sharp constitutional separation between church and state masked an underlying set of shared assumptions about the Christian (and indeed Protestant) identity of the nation. Evangelicals had differed over whether the moral imperative of national recognition of godly religion should also imply the national recognition of a particular church, but all had been agreed that being born or baptized within the boundaries of Christendom did not in itself make one a Christian."

[2] Sproul, R. C. (2016). What Is Reformed Theology?: Understanding the Basics. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. стр. 36. ISBN 978-0-8010-1846-6. „The Reformers called themselves evangelicals because they believed the doctrine of justification by faith alone is central and essential to [the gospel]. Since the biblical word for gospel is evangel, they used the term evangelical to assert their conviction that sola fide is [the gospel].”

[Oxf-3] The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 1978.

[4] Operation World

[Hope1997-5] а ^б Christian Scholar's Review, Volume 27 (на језику: енглески). Hope College. 1997. стр. 205. „This was especially true of proto-evangelical movements like the Quakers, organized as the Religious Society of Friends by George Fox in 1668 as a group of Christians who rejected clerical authority and taught that the Holy Spirit guided”

[6] Quaker History, Volumes 94-95 (на језику: енглески). Friends Historical Association. 2005. стр. 46. „Emma Malone, active in the evangelical Quaker community in Cleveland, co-founded (with her husband) the Christian Workers Training School. This school helped to train the leadership of evangelical Quakers”

[Brian_Stiller_2015,_pp._28,_90-7] Brian Stiller. Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century. стр. 28, 90. , Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015.

[AngellDandelion2018-8] а ^б Angell, Stephen Ward; Dandelion, Pink (19. 4. 2018). The Cambridge Companion to Quakerism (на језику: енглески). Cambridge University Press. стр. 293. ISBN 978-1-107-13660-1.

[9] „Christianity report” (PDF). Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-08-05. г. Приступљено 2014-12-30.

[CYMF2018-10] Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends (на језику: енглески). Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. стр. 2.

[FOOTNOTEMohler2011103–104-11] Mohler 2011, стр. 103–104.

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