乙酰胆碱酯酶

乙酰胆碱酯酶
乙酰胆碱酯酶
	蛋白質資料庫渲染的1b41;
有效结构
PDB	直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代码列表
	1B41, 1F8U, 1PUV, 1PUW, 1VZJ, 2CLJ, 2X8B, 3LII
标识
代号	ACHE; ARACHE; N-ACHE; YT
扩展标识	遗传学：100740 鼠基因：87876 同源基因：543 GeneCards: ACHE Gene
EC編號	3.1.1.7
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· beta-amyloid binding; · acetylcholinesterase activity; · acetylcholinesterase activity; · carboxylesterase activity; · cholinesterase activity; · cholinesterase activity; · protein binding; · collagen binding; · hydrolase activity; · serine hydrolase activity; · acetylcholine binding; · acetylcholine binding; · protein homodimerization activity; · protein homodimerization activity; · laminin-1 binding; · protein self-association;
细胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular region; · extracellular region; · basal lamina; · extracellular space; · nucleus; · endoplasmic reticulum lumen; · Golgi apparatus; · plasma membrane; · cell surface; · membrane; · cell junction; · axon; · dendrite; · anchored to membrane; · neuromuscular junction; · presynaptic membrane; · synaptic cleft; · synapse; · postsynaptic membrane; · perinuclear region of cytoplasm;
生物过程	· acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft; · regulation of receptor recycling; · osteoblast development; · DNA replication; · acetylcholine catabolic process; · cell adhesion; · cell adhesion; · synaptic transmission; · synaptic transmission, cholinergic; · nervous system development; · synapse assembly; · synapse assembly; · muscle organ development; · cell proliferation; · response to wounding; · choline metabolic process; · receptor internalization; · negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic; · neurotransmitter biosynthetic process; · amyloid precursor protein metabolic process; · neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process; · regulation of dendrite morphogenesis; · positive regulation of protein secretion; · regulation of axonogenesis; · regulation of synaptic transmission; · protein tetramerization; · retina development in camera-type eye;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类
Entrez	43
Ensembl	ENSG00000087085
UniProt	P22303
mRNA序列	NM_000665.3
蛋白序列	NP_000656.1
基因位置	Chr 7:; 100.49 – 100.49 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]
	查; 论; 编;

搜索
公共医学中心（PMC）	文章
公共医学数据库（PubMed）	文章
国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）	蛋白质

乙酰胆碱酯酶
乙酰胆碱酯酶
标识符
酶学委员会编号（EC编号）	3.1.1.7
CAS号	9000-81-1
数据库
集成关系酶学数据库（IntEnz）	IntEnz总观
不伦瑞克酶学数据库（BRENDA）（英语：BRENDA）	BRENDA进入
专家蛋白质分析系统（ExPASy）（英语：ExPASy）	NiceZyme总观
京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）	KEGG进入
元代谢途径数据库（MetaCyc）（英语：MetaCyc）	代谢途径
PRIAM酶功能特异性谱（英语：PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles）	谱档案
蛋白质数据库（PDB）结构	结构生物信息学研究合作实验室PDB PDB欧洲 PDB概述
基因本体（GO）	AmiGO / 快速GO
公共医学中心（PMC）
搜索
公共医学中心（PMC）	文章
公共医学数据库（PubMed）	文章
国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）	蛋白质

乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神经递质乙酰胆碱降解（通过其水解活性）成胆碱和乙酸的酶，化学式为：C₃₀₂₅H₄₅₈₇O₉₀₅N₈₀₉S₁₅^[1]；属于一种水解酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族^[2]。

此酶主要存在于胆碱能（英语：Cholinergic）神经元、神经肌肉接头处、肌肉组织等，具终止乙酰胆碱对突触后膜兴奋作用，恢复突触后膜极化，可终止突触传递。

乙酰胆碱酯酶具有极高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰胆碱酯酶每秒钟可以水解25000分子的乙酰胆碱。经乙酰胆碱酯酶作用而产生的胆碱被重新利用——通过再攝取被转运进入神经末梢，在那里被重新利用以合成新的乙酰胆碱分子^[3]。

参考文献

^ Expasy - ProtParam. web.expasy.org. [2025-07-11].
^ 乙酰胆碱酯酶. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）
^ Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience. 4th ed.. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

延伸阅读

Silman I, Futerman AH. Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 1988, 170 (1-2): 11–22. PMID 3319614. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13662.x.
Soreq H, Seidman S. Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2 (4): 294–302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.
Shen T, Tai K, Henchman RH, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics of acetylcholinesterase.. Acc. Chem. Res. 2003, 35 (6): 332–40. PMID 12069617. doi:10.1021/ar010025i.
Pakaski M, Kasa P. Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein. Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders. 2003, 2 (3): 163–71. PMID 12769797. doi:10.2174/1568007033482869.
Meshorer E, Soreq H. Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29 (4): 216–24. PMID 16516310. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005.
Ehrlich G, Viegas-Pequignot E, Ginzberg D et al. Mapping the human acetylcholinesterase gene to chromosome 7q22 by fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with selective PCR amplification from a somatic hybrid cell panel and chromosome-sorted DNA libraries. Genomics. 1992, 13 (4): 1192–7. PMID 1380483. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90037-S.
Spring FA, Gardner B, Anstee DJ. Evidence that the antigens of the Yt blood group system are located on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Blood. 1992, 80 (8): 2136–41. PMID 1391965.
Shafferman A, Kronman C, Flashner Y; et al. Mutagenesis of human acetylcholinesterase. Identification of residues involved in catalytic activity and in polypeptide folding. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (25): 17640–8. PMID 1517212.
Getman DK, Eubanks JH, Camp S et al. The human gene encoding acetylcholinesterase is located on the long arm of chromosome 7.. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1992, 51 (1): 170–7. PMC 1682883 . PMID 1609795.
Li Y, Camp S, Rachinsky TL et al. Gene structure of mammalian acetylcholinesterase. Alternative exons dictate tissue-specific expression.. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 266 (34): 23083–90. PMID 1744105.
Velan B, Grosfeld H, Kronman C et al. The effect of elimination of intersubunit disulfide bonds on the activity, assembly, and secretion of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Expression of acetylcholinesterase Cys-580----Ala mutant. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 266 (35): 23977–84. PMID 1748670.
Soreq H, Ben-Aziz R, Prody CA; et al. Molecular cloning and construction of the coding region for human acetylcholinesterase reveals a G + C-rich attenuating structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1991, 87 (24): 9688–92. PMC 55238 . PMID 2263619. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9688.
Chhajlani V, Derr D, Earles B et al. Purification and partial amino acid sequence analysis of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. FEBS Lett. 1989, 247 (2): 279–82. PMID 2714437. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)81352-3.
Lapidot-Lifson Y, Prody CA, Ginzberg D et al. Coamplification of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase genes in blood cells: correlation with various leukemias and abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1989, 86 (12): 4715–9. PMC 287342 . PMID 2734315. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.12.4715.
Bazelyansky M, Robey E, Kirsch JF. Fractional diffusion-limited component of reactions catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase. Biochemistry. 1986, 25 (1): 125–30. PMID 3954986. doi:10.1021/bi00349a019.
Gaston SM, Marchase RB, Jakoi ER. Brain ligatin: a membrane lectin that binds acetylcholinesterase. J. Cell. Biochem. 1982, 18 (4): 447–59. PMID 7085778. doi:10.1002/jcb.1982.240180406.
Ordentlich A, Barak D, Kronman C et al. Contribution of aromatic moieties of tyrosine 133 and of the anionic subsite tryptophan 86 to catalytic efficiency and allosteric modulation of acetylcholinesterase. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270 (5): 2082–91. PMID 7836436. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2082.
Maruyama K, Sugano S. Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene. 1994, 138 (1-2): 171–4. PMID 8125298. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8.
Ben Aziz-Aloya R, Sternfeld M, Soreq H. Promoter elements and alternative splicing in the human ACHE gene.. Prog. Brain Res. 1994, 98: 147–53. PMID 8248502.
Massoulie J, Pezzementi L, Bon S, Krejci E, Valette F. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cholinesterases. Prog. Brain Res. 1993, 93 (1): 31–91. PMID 8321908.

外部链接

Template:胆碱能

[1] Expasy - ProtParam. web.expasy.org. [2025-07-11].

[2] 乙酰胆碱酯酶. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）

[Purves-3] Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience. 4th ed.. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 121–2. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

[1]

[2]

[3]

乙酰胆碱酯酶

参考文献

延伸阅读

外部链接

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia