化学元素發现年表 将各种化学元素 的发现按时间顺序列出。表中列出了每种元素的名称、原子序数 、发现时间、发现者姓名和发现方式的简介。
表格
图例 :
史前時代 –1599年(14种元素):这些元素被发现于
中世纪 或更早,没有详细的发现过程记载
2000年以后(5种元素):近期合成的元素
發現時軸
累積圖
元素發現累積圖
未记载的发现
有记载的发现
在18世纪,发现一种新的土 (即金属氧化物)就意味着发现一种新元素。某些元素(如Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Mn、Co、Ni、Zr、Mo)[ 50] 的化合物早在中世纪,甚至史前时代就已被发现,但这些元素本身在当时仍然未知。由于这些化合物的性质有时是逐渐发现的,因此很难把这些元素的发现归功于某个发现者。[ 3] [ 51] 对于这些元素,本列表会列出首个对其化学性质研究的年份,然后在简介处解释其历史。[ 3] [ 51]
参见
注释
^ 1.0 1.1 可能为贾比尔所著作品的年代测定则可参见这篇文献[ 24] :xvii–lxv 。
^ 《Sirr al-khaliqa》的年代和历史背景可参见这些文献[ 24] :270–303 [ 25] ,而可能为贾比尔所著作品的年代测定则可参见这篇文献[ 24] :xvii–lxv 。汞-硫理论更详细的推测性解释可参见这篇文献[ 26] 。
^ 铋还有其它古名,如stannum glaciale(冰锡)。[ 46]
^ 虽然米勒早在1782年就发现了碲,但直到克拉普罗特为该元素命名前,该成果被忽视16年。[ 88] Pál Kitaibel于1789年的发现同样未被及时注意到。[ 89]
^ 氯在当时已被分离,但误认为是新元素(即列表中的radical muriatique[ 77] )的氧化物。[ 93] [ 94]
^ 特南特和沃拉斯顿用王水溶解铂矿后,特南特专注于其中的黑色沉淀,发现锇 、铱 ;沃拉斯顿则研究王水溶解的物质,发现铑 、钯 。[ 116]
^ 氙的发现月份有争议,有7月中[ 162] 与9月[ 51] 两说。
^ 小川正孝 早在1908年就发现了铼,但误把它当作是43号元素。直到1925年瓦尔特·诺达克 、伊达·诺达克 和奥托·伯格 重新发现铼之前,小川正孝的发现也没得到当时科学界的普遍认可。这些事件导致确定最后发现的有稳定同位素的元素是铪还是铼相当困难。[ 175]
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^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Gulbekian, G.; Bogomolov, S.; Gikal, B.; Mezentsev, A.; Iliev, S.; Subbotin, V.; Sukhov, A.; Subotic, K.; Zagrebaev, V.; Vostokin, G.; Itkis, M.; Moody, K.; Patin, J.; Shaughnessy, D.; Stoyer, M.; Stoyer, N.; Wilk, P.; Kenneally, J.; Landrum, J.; Wild, J.; Lougheed, R. Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249 Cf and 245 Cm+48 Ca fusion reactions. Physical Review C . 2006, 74 (4): 044602. Bibcode:2006PhRvC..74d4602O . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602 (英语) .
^ 231.0 231.1 Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Itkis, M. G.; Polyakov, A. N.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Mezentsev, A. N.; Yeremin, A. V. Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction 243 Am + 48 Ca . Physical Review C. 2005-09-29, 72 (3): 034611. ISSN 0556-2813 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611 (英语) .
^ Morita, Kosuke; Morimoto, Kouji; Kaji, Daiya; Akiyama, Takahiro; Goto, Sin-ichi; Haba, Hiromitsu; Ideguchi, Eiji; Kanungo, Rituparna; Katori, Kenji. Experiment on the Synthesis of Element 113 in the Reaction 209 Bi(70 Zn,n)278 113 . Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 2004-10-15, 73 (10): 2593–2596 [2021-04-26 ] . ISSN 0031-9015 . doi:10.1143/JPSJ.73.2593 . (原始内容存档 于2021-06-25) (英语) .
^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Bailey, P. D.; Benker, D. E.; Bennett, M. E.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Ezold, J. G.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A. Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z = 117 . Physical Review Letters. 2010-04-09, 104 (14): 142502. ISSN 0031-9007 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502 (英语) .
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