安东尼奥·奈格里

安东尼奥·奈格里
安东尼奥·奈格里
	安东尼奥·奈格里，2009年11月21日
出生	1933年8月1日; 義大利王國帕多瓦
逝世	2023年12月16日（90歲）; 法國巴黎
母校	帕多瓦大学; 意大利历史研究所
机构	帕多瓦大学; 巴黎第八大学; 巴黎第七大学; 巴黎高等师范学院; 巴黎国际哲学院（英语：Collège international de philosophie）
时代	当代哲学
地区	西方哲学
学派	歐陸哲學; 自治主义马克思主义; 新斯宾诺莎主义
主要领域	政治哲学 · 阶级斗争 · 全球化 · 公共事物（英语：Commons） · 生命政治
著名思想	全球化哲学 · 诸众 · 帝国（英语：Empire (Hardt and Negri book)）理论 · 制宪权 · 非物质劳动 · 后福特制 · 另类现代性 · 拒绝工作
	受影响于卡尔·马克思 · 巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎 · 马里奥·特隆蒂（英语：Mario Tronti） · 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯 · 德拉·沃尔佩（英语：Galvano Della Volpe） · 圣奥古斯丁 · 米歇尔·福柯 · 菲利克斯·加塔利 · 吉尔·德勒兹 · 路易·阿尔都塞 · 让·鲍德里亚 · 昂希·列斐伏尔 · 卢卡奇·格奥尔格 · 安东尼奥·葛兰西 · 尼古拉·马基雅维利 · 雅克·卡马特 · 黑格尔 · 卡尔·施密特 · 托马斯·霍布斯 · 拉雅·杜娜叶夫斯卡娅;
	影响于迈克尔·哈特 · 理查德·J·F·戴（英语：Richard J. F. Day） · 利奥波蒂娜·福尔图纳蒂（英语：Leopoldina Fortunati） · 乌戈·查韦斯 · Tiqqun（英语：Tiqqun）;

安东尼奥·奈格里（義大利語：Antonio Negri；1933年8月1日—2023年12月16日）是一位意大利马克思主义社会学家和政治哲学家，他以著作《帝国》和对斯宾诺莎的研究而出名。

生平

1933年8月1日出生于意大利帕多瓦，他在家乡的大学成为了一名政治哲学教授。奈格里于1969年创办了工人力量组织（Potere Operaio）而且成为著名的“自治行动”（Autonomia Operaia）的领军人物。作为最受欢迎的工人主义和自治主义理论家之一，他出版了极有影响力的书籍，力倡“革命意识”。

他在20世纪70年代末被指控多项罪名，包括成为左翼游击队组织红色旅的策划者，参与了1978年5月绑架意大利两届总理阿尔多·莫罗和基督教民主党领袖以及其他人。他被误认为是代表无线电通信局进行了一次威胁电话，但是法院无法最终证明此事。奈格里与左翼极端主义共谋的问题是一个有争议的话题。他被指控犯有多项罪名，包括“反政府叛乱”（后来被撤销的指控），并因参与两起谋杀案而被判刑。^[9]

奈格里逃到法国，在那里，受密特朗法案（the Mitterrand doctrine）的保护，他与雅克·德里达、米歇尔·福柯和吉尔·德勒兹一起在巴黎第八大学和国际哲学学院（Collège international de philosophie）任教。1997年，在辩诉之后，他把服刑时间从30年缩短到13年，回到意大利服刑。他的许多有影响力的著作都是在他入狱的时候出版的。他和妻子现在居住在威尼斯和巴黎，他的妻子是法国哲学家朱狄特·勒韦尔（Judith Revel）。

2023年12月16日，奈格里在巴黎逝世，享年90岁。^[10]

主要著作

奈格里与迈克尔·哈特合作:

《狄俄尼索斯的劳动:对国家形式的批判》（Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State-Form,1994）
《帝国》（Empire, 2000）
《诸众》（Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire，2004）
《大同世界》（Commonwealth, 2011）

参考来源

^ Negri, Antonio: The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics. Translated from the Italian by Michael Hardt. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991). Originally published as L'anomalia selvaggia: Saggio su potere e potenza in Baruch Spinoza (Milano: Feltrinelli, 1981). Antonio Negri (1981): "This work [The Savage Anomaly] was written in prison. And it was also conceived, for the most part, in prison. Certainly, I have always known Spinoza well. Since I was in school, I have loved the Ethics (and here I would like to fondly remember my teacher of those years). I continued to work on it, never losing touch, but a full study required too much time. [...] Spinoza is the clear and luminous side of Modern philosophy. [...] With Spinoza, philosophy succeeds for the first time in negating itself as a science of mediation. In Spinoza there is the sense of a great anticipation of the future centuries; there is the intuition of such a radical truth of future philosophy that it not only keeps him from being flattened onto seventeenth-century thought but also, it often seems, denies any confrontation, any comparison. Really, none of his contemporaries understands him or refutes him. [...] Spinoza's materialist metaphysics is the potent anomaly of the century: not a vanquished or marginal anomaly but, rather, an anomaly of victorious materialism, of the ontology of a being that always moves forward and that by constituting itself poses the ideal possibility for revolutionizing the world."
^ Toscano, Alberto. The Politics of Spinozism: Composition and Communication (Paper presented at the Cultural Research Bureau of Iran, Tehran, January 4, 2005) (PDF). January 2005 [20 June 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-14）.
^ Ruddick, Susan (2010), 'The Politics of Affect: Spinoza in the Work of Negri and Deleuze,'. Theory, Culture & Society 27(4): 21–45
^ Grattan, Sean (2011), 'The Indignant Multitude: Spinozist Marxism after Empire,'. Mediations 25(2): 7–8
^ Duffy, Simon B. (2014), 'French and Italian Spinozism,'. In: Rosi Braidotti (ed.), After Poststructuralism: Transitions and Transformations. (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 148–168
^ Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Empire (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press, 2000), § 3.4.
^ Elsa Romeo, La Scuola di Croce: testimonianze sull'Istituto italiano per gli studi storici, Il Mulino, 1992, p. 309.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Maggiori Robert, "Toni Negri, le retour du «diable» 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期5 January 2016.", Libération.fr, 3 July 1997.
^ 奈格里是谁？“帝国”是什么意思？_思想市场_澎湃新闻-The Paper. www.thepaper.cn. [2019-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）.
^ Toni Negri è morto, il leader di Autonomia Operaia è deceduto nella notte a Parigi. La Repubblica. 16 December 2023 [16 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

[1] Negri, Antonio: The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics. Translated from the Italian by Michael Hardt. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991). Originally published as L'anomalia selvaggia: Saggio su potere e potenza in Baruch Spinoza (Milano: Feltrinelli, 1981). Antonio Negri (1981): "This work [The Savage Anomaly] was written in prison. And it was also conceived, for the most part, in prison. Certainly, I have always known Spinoza well. Since I was in school, I have loved the Ethics (and here I would like to fondly remember my teacher of those years). I continued to work on it, never losing touch, but a full study required too much time. [...] Spinoza is the clear and luminous side of Modern philosophy. [...] With Spinoza, philosophy succeeds for the first time in negating itself as a science of mediation. In Spinoza there is the sense of a great anticipation of the future centuries; there is the intuition of such a radical truth of future philosophy that it not only keeps him from being flattened onto seventeenth-century thought but also, it often seems, denies any confrontation, any comparison. Really, none of his contemporaries understands him or refutes him. [...] Spinoza's materialist metaphysics is the potent anomaly of the century: not a vanquished or marginal anomaly but, rather, an anomaly of victorious materialism, of the ontology of a being that always moves forward and that by constituting itself poses the ideal possibility for revolutionizing the world."

[2] Toscano, Alberto. The Politics of Spinozism: Composition and Communication (Paper presented at the Cultural Research Bureau of Iran, Tehran, January 4, 2005) (PDF). January 2005 [20 June 2019]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-14）.

[3] Ruddick, Susan (2010), 'The Politics of Affect: Spinoza in the Work of Negri and Deleuze,'. Theory, Culture & Society 27(4): 21–45

[4] Grattan, Sean (2011), 'The Indignant Multitude: Spinozist Marxism after Empire,'. Mediations 25(2): 7–8

[Duffy-5] Duffy, Simon B. (2014), 'French and Italian Spinozism,'. In: Rosi Braidotti (ed.), After Poststructuralism: Transitions and Transformations. (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 148–168

[6] Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt, Empire (Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press, 2000), § 3.4.

[7] Elsa Romeo, La Scuola di Croce: testimonianze sull'Istituto italiano per gli studi storici, Il Mulino, 1992, p. 309.

[liberation-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Maggiori Robert, "Toni Negri, le retour du «diable» 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期5 January 2016.", Libération.fr, 3 July 1997.

[9] 奈格里是谁？“帝国”是什么意思？_思想市场_澎湃新闻-The Paper. www.thepaper.cn. [2019-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）.

[10] Toni Negri è morto, il leader di Autonomia Operaia è deceduto nella notte a Parigi. La Repubblica. 16 December 2023 [16 December 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

[7]

[8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[9]

[10]

安东尼奥·奈格里

生平

主要著作

相关阅读

参考来源

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia