国际临床密度学会(International Society for Clinical Densitometry)认为:
1、诊断50岁以下的男性骨质疏松症不能仅根据密度测试结果;
2、对于绝经前妇女,应使用Z值(与同年龄组比较值,而非与巅峰骨密度比较值),而不是T值;同时对这些妇女的诊断不能仅根据密度测试结果[13]。
^Golob, AL; Laya, MB. Osteoporosis: Screening, Prevention, and Management.. The Medical clinics of North America. May 2015, 99 (3): 587–606. PMID 25841602.
^ 4.04.1Wells, GA; Cranney, A; Peterson, J; Boucher, M; Shea, B; Robinson, V; Coyle, D; Tugwell, P. Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 23 January 2008, (1): CD001155. PMID 18253985.
^ 5.05.1Wells, G; Cranney, A; Peterson, J; Boucher, M; Shea, B; Robinson, V; Coyle, D; Tugwell, P. Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 23 January 2008, (1): CD004523. PMID 18254053.
^Nelson HD, Haney EM, Chou R, Dana T, Fu R, Bougatsos C. Screening for Osteoporosis: Systematic Review to Update the 2002 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation [Internet].. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2010. PMID 20722176.
^ 8.08.1Wade, SW; Strader, C; Fitzpatrick, LA; Anthony, MS; O'Malley, CD. Estimating prevalence of osteoporosis: examples from industrialized countries.. Archives of osteoporosis. 2014, 9 (1): 182. PMID 24847682.
^Handa, R; Ali Kalla, A; Maalouf, G. Osteoporosis in developing countries.. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology. August 2008, 22 (4): 693–708. PMID 18783745.
^Svedbom, A; Hernlund, E; Ivergård, M; Compston, J; Cooper, C; Stenmark, J; McCloskey, EV; Jönsson, B; Kanis, JA; EU Review Panel of, IOF. Osteoporosis in the European Union: a compendium of country-specific reports.. Archives of osteoporosis. 2013, 8 (1-2): 137. PMID 24113838.
^Willson, T; Nelson, SD; Newbold, J; Nelson, RE; LaFleur, J. The clinical epidemiology of male osteoporosis: a review of the recent literature.. Clinical epidemiology. 2015, 7: 65–76. PMID 25657593.
^Katz, David L.(2008)。“Diet, Bone Metabolism, and Osteoporosis”In: Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 2nd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp.204-208.