2009年、偽薬効果を研究するハル大学のアービング・カーシュ博士は「支持できる証拠が乏しいどころか、化学物質不均衡説は間違いでしかないと膨大なデータが語っている」と述べている。抗うつ薬には不活性プラセボ(副作用のない偽薬)を若干上回る程度の効果しかなく、両者の差は副作用の有無だと指摘している。副作用が起きると本物だと分かり、被験者の期待が高まるからである。活性プラセボ(副作用のある偽薬)を用いた臨床試験では、抗うつ薬との間に有意な差は見られなかった。また、禁断症状が出る可能性があり、「医師に相談することなく抗うつ薬の服用を中断しないこと」と警告している。急な断薬ではなく、徐々に減薬することが重要である。『Coming Off Antidepressants: Successful Use and Safe Withdrawal』(Joseph Glenmullen、2006年)は抗うつ薬を中止する方法が分かる優れた一冊である[49]。
^原文: “Most of this evidence is indirect, deriving from pharmacological studies with drugs such as reserpine, amphetamine and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants which produce affective changes.” [16]
^原文: “Schizophrenia is defined so vaguely that, in actuality, it is a term often applied to almost any kind of behavior of which the speaker disapproves.” [25]
^原文: “Chronic administration of psychotropic drugs creates perturbations in neurotransmitter function that likely exceed the strength or time course of almost any natural stimulus.” [26]
^原文: “the reality that there are no tests available for assessing the chemical status of a living person's brain.” [27]
^原文: “In recent decades, we have had no shortage of alleged biochemical imbalances for psychiatric conditions. Diligent though these attempts have been, not one has been proven. Quite the contrary. In every instance where such an imbalance was thought to have been found, it was later proven false. ” [28]
^原文: “ The pharmaceutical companies are an amoral bunch. They're not a benevolent association. So, they are highly unlikely to donate large amounts of money without strings attached.” [29][30]
^原文: “In order to survive, we must go where the money is.” [32]
^原文: “I don't think the public is aware of how egregious the financial ties are in the field of psychiatry,” [43]
^原文: “The integrity of the natural scientific enterprise depends on truth-seeking and truth-speaking by individuals engaged in activities we call “scientific,” and on the scientific community’s commitment to expose and reject erroneous explanations and false “facts.” In contrast, the stability of religions and the ersatz faiths of psychiatry and the so-called behavioral sciences depends on the loyalty of its practitioners to established doctrines and institutions and the rejection of truth-telling as injurious to the welfare of the group that rests on it.” [47]
^原文: “to retain their professional credibility, psychiatric historians, like psychiatrists, must believe-or must pretend to believe-that mental illnesses are real in the same sense that cancers are real. As a result, they cannot risk seeing what is in front of their noses.” [48]
^原文: “commonly fail to separate from placebo” [50]
^原文: “a fact well known by the FDA, academia, and industry.” [50]
Elliot Valenstein (October 5, 1998), Blaming the Brain: The Truth About Drugs and Mental Health, Free Press, ISBN978-0684849645.(翻訳書は エリオット・ヴァレンスタイン『精神疾患は脳の病気か? 向精神薬の科学と虚構』功刀浩監訳、中塚公子訳、みすず書房、2008年2月22日。ISBN978-4622073611。)
Joseph Glenmullen (2000), Prozac Backlash: Overcoming the Dangers of Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and Other Antidepressants With Safe, Effective Alternatives, Simon & Schuster, ISBN978-0684860015.
David J. Kupfer; Michael B. First; Darrel A. Regier, eds. (August 15, 2002), A Research Agenda for DSM-V, American Psychiatric Publishing, ISBN978-0890422922.(翻訳書は デヴィッド・J・クッファー; マイケル・B・ファースト; ダレル・A・レジエ 編『DSM-V研究行動計画』黒木俊秀・松尾信一郎・中井久夫訳、みすず書房、2008年7月23日。ISBN978-4622073949。)
David Healy (June, 2004), Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression, New York University Press, ISBN978-0814736692.(翻訳書は デイヴィッド・ヒーリー『抗うつ薬の功罪 SSRI論争と訴訟』田島治監修、谷垣暁美訳、みすず書房、2005年8月3日。ISBN978-4622071495。)
Marcia Angell (August 24, 2004), The Truth About the Drug Companies: How They Deceive Us and What to Do About It, Random House, ISBN978-0375508462.(翻訳書は マーシャ・エンジェル『ビッグ・ファーマ―製薬会社の真実』栗原千絵子・斉尾武郎共監訳、篠原出版新社、2005年11月10日。ISBN978-4884122621。)
Thomas Szasz (September 1, 2008), Psychiatry: The Science of Lies, Syracuse University Press, ISBN978-0815609100.
Irving Kirsch (October 19, 2009), The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth, The Bodley Head, ISBN978-1847920836.(翻訳書は アービング・カーシュ『抗うつ薬は本当に効くのか』石黒千秋訳、エクスナレッジ、2010年1月25日。ISBN978-4767809540。)