第3の潮流は、上記(第2の潮流)で定式化された「行動経済理論」を伝統的な経済学の各分野に応用することである。室岡 (2023)は「現在活躍している研究者の大半は、ここに分類されるであろう」と述べている[29]。「第3の潮流」の顕著な例としては、2018年から2019年にかけて刊行されたHandbook of Behavioral Economicsのシリーズのうち、過半数の章がファイナンス、産業組織論、健康・医療経済学と言いった各分野に行動経済学を応用した研究のサーベイ論文であった[29]。この「第3の潮流」については本記事内の「行動経済学の応用」の節を参照。
という最適化問題として表現される。上の数式は、意思決定者がベルヌーイ効用関数と呼ばれる関数を最大化するように確率分布(クジ)を選択すると説明できるような関数が存在することを意味しており、この理論は期待効用理論 (英: expected utility theory) と呼ばれ、ジョン・フォン・ノイマンとオスカー・モルゲンシュテルンの共著書『ゲームの理論と経済行動』(Theory of Games and Economic Behavior) の第2版(1947年)において提案・公理化されている。
Jacquemet, Nicolas and L’Haridon, Olivier『実験経済学:研究と実践の手引き』朝倉書店、2024年。
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