제1차 나고르노카라바흐 전쟁

나고르노카라바흐 전쟁
	나고르노카라바흐 분쟁의 일부
날짜	1988년 2월 20일 ~ 1994년 5월 16일
장소	나고르노카라바흐
결과	아르메니아의 군사적 승리 비슈케크 협약 체결; 1993년 이후 터키가 아르메니아를 봉쇄함; 평화 협상이 진행 중이나 평화 조약은 체결되지 않음; 아르메니아-아제르바이잔 국경 분쟁;
교전국
1988-1991; 나고르노카라바흐 자치주; 아르메니아 SSR ; 다슈나크	1988-1991; 아제르바이잔 SSR ; 소련
1991-1994; 아르메니아; 아르차흐 공화국 ; 지원국; 러시아; 그리스	1991-1994; 아제르바이잔; 군사 지원국; 튀르키예; 외국 단체; 아프가니스탄 이슬람당 ; 체첸 무장단체 ; 회색 늑대들; 무기 지원국; 우크라이나; 러시아; 이스라엘
지휘관
레본 테르페트로샨; 바즈겐 마누키얀; 바즈겐 사르키샨; 세르지 사르키샨; 로베르트 코차랸; 아르투르 미크르트챤; 몬테 멜코니안 †; 로베르트 코차랸; 삼벨 바바얀; 아르카디 테타데포샨; 세이란 오하냔	아야즈 뮈탈리보프; 아뷜파즈 엘치베이; 헤이다르 알리예프; 마함마드 아사도프 †; 이스간다르 하미도프; 샤밀 바사예프; 굴부딘 헤크마티아르

나고르노카라바흐 전쟁은 1988년 2월 20일부터 1994년 5월 16일까지 아제르바이잔 내부에 존재한 비지(enclave)이자 아르메니아인의 민족월경지(ethnic exclave)인 나고르노카라바흐에서 벌어진 전쟁이다.

각주

↑ Hoge, James F. (2010). 《The Clash of Civilizations: The Debate》. Council on Foreign Relations. 17쪽. ISBN 9780876094365. In the last years of its existence, the Soviet government supported Azerbaijan because its government was dominated by former communists.
↑ 《Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia》. London: Europa Publications. 2002. 77쪽. ISBN 9781857431377. Soviet security forces supported Azerbaijan's efforts to reimpose control over Nagornyi Karabakh and Armenian villages outside the enclave.
↑ Truscott, Peter (1997). 《Russia First: Breaking with the West》. London: Tauris Publ. 74쪽. ISBN 9781860641992. Initially, the Soviet regime in the Kremlin appears to have supported Azerbaijan in its attempt to maintain the territorial integrity of the borders established by Stalin in 1921.
↑
아르메니아의 결정적 승리
- Broers, Laurence (2005). “The limits of leadership: Elites and societies in the Nagorny Karabakh peace process” (PDF). 《Accord》 (London: Conciliation Resources): 8. ISSN 1365-0742. 2017년 2월 18일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 11월 21일에 확인함. Overlaying what is fundamentally a territorial dispute are the consequences of the 1991–94 war: a decisive Armenian military victory resulting in Armenian control of Nagorny Karabakh and the further occupation of seven districts surrounding it.
- Gahramanova, Aytan (2010). “Paradigms of Political Mythologies and Perspectives of Reconciliation in the Case of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict” (PDF). 《International Negotiation》 (Brill Publishers) 15 (1): 136. doi:10.1163/157180610X488218. Brokered by the Russian Minister of Defense, a ceasefire was signed in 1994 primarily as a result of the decisive Armenian military victory.
결정적이라는 표현
- Dawisha, Karen; Parrott, Bruce, 편집. (1997). 《Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus》. Cambridge University Press. 119쪽. A cease-fire was achieved in May 1994, after a decisive Armenian victory that included their occupation of approximately 20 percent of Azerbaijan's territory.
- “World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Armenia”. Minority Rights Group International. 2007. The war ended in a decisive Armenian victory in 1994, with the Armenians of Karabakh (supported by Armenia) taking control not only of Nagorny Karabakh itself but also occupying in whole or in part seven regions of Azerbaijan surrounding the former NKAO.
군사적 승리에 대한 언습
- Cornell, Svante (2005). 《Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus》. Routledge. 93쪽. ISBN 9781135796693. Thus by any standard, the war in Karabakh led to the military victory of the Karabakh Armenians.
- Popescu, Nicu (2010). 《EU Foreign Policy and Post-Soviet Conflicts: Stealth Intervention》. Routledge. 96쪽. ISBN 9781136851896. After approximately 20,000 deaths, the war ended with the military victory of Armenia.
↑ HRW 1994, 129쪽.
↑ Ordway, John (2004년 7월 30일). “Party Primer: Top Armenian Political Parties”. WikiLeaks. 2015년 12월 22일에 원본 문서 (For Official Use Only)에서 보존된 문서. Members of the ARF fought actively in the Karabakh conflict and the party had its own military units. Later, when Karabakh and Armenia formed regular armies, some of the Dashnak units merged with the armies, others were disarmed.
↑ Rieff, David (1997). “Case Study in Ethnic Strife”. Council on Foreign Relations. 2016년 6월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 11월 21일에 확인함. The Dashnaks, of course, are the ones who did the heavy lifting on the ground. Their men, including a substantial number of volunteers from the diaspora, did a great deal of the fighting and dying before the cease-fire.
↑ Cornell, Svante E. (1998). “Turkey and the Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh: A Delicate Balance”. 《Middle Eastern Studies》 34 (1). The only country that constantly expressed its support for Azerbaijan is Turkey.
↑ Osipova, Yelena; Bilgin, Fevzi (2013). 《Revisiting Armenian-Turkish Reconciliation》 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Rethink Institute. 3쪽. ISBN 978-1-938300-09-7. 2015년 9월 24일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 11월 21일에 확인함. As the war over Nagorno Karabakh unfolded, and as Turkey sided with Azerbaijan ...
↑ Balayev, Bahruz (2013). 《The Right to Self-Determination in the South Caucasus: Nagorno Karabakh in Context》. Lexington Books. 70쪽. ISBN 9780739178287. Turkey took the Azerbaijani position, showing special activity. It rendered active military help to Azerbaijan. In the Azerbaijani army there were Turkish officers-instructors and a group of the Azerbaijani men started training in Turkey.
↑ Taarnby 2008, 6쪽.
↑ Griffin, Nicholas (2004). 《Caucasus: A Journey to the Land Between Christianity and Islam》. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 185–186쪽. ISBN 0-226-30859-6.
↑ Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Sullivan, Paige, 편집. (1997). 《Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis》. Washington, D.C.: M. E. Sharpe. 616쪽. ISBN 9781563246371. It is also revealed that a new force of 200 armed members of the Grey Wolves organization has been dispatched from Turkey in preparation for a new Azeri offensive and to train units of the Azeri army.
↑ Azadian, Edmond Y. (1999). 《History on the Move: Views, Interviews and Essays on Armenian Issues》. Wayne State University Press. 173쪽. ISBN 9780814329160. But as subsequent events evolved it became all too apparent that Ukraine has steadfastly stood behind Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict all along. ...it was reported from Stepanakert that Ukraine had shipped 40 tanks to Azerbaijan. Later that number was raised to 59. Ukraine had also supplied Azerbaijan with Mig-21 attack places.
↑ de Waal 2003, 200쪽: "...the Russians also gave some assistance to Azerbaijan."
↑ Murinson, Alexander (October 2014). “The Ties Between Israel and Azerbaijan” (PDF). 《Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 110》. Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. 2014년 11월 3일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. Israel supported the Azeri side in this conflict by supplying Stinger missiles to Azerbaijani troops during the war.
↑ Dekmejian, Richard Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H. (2003). 《Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region》. 125쪽. ISBN 9781860649226. In addition to commercial links, Israel has given strong backing to Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, which reportedly has included military assistance.
↑ Benson, Brett V. (2012). 《Constructing International Security: Alliances, Deterrence, and Moral Hazard》. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 67쪽. ISBN 9781107027244. Russia was widely viewed as supporting the Armenian position. Much of this perception stemmed from the fact that Russia transferred military support to Armenia during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
↑ “Strategic impact” (4). Bucharest: Romanian National Defence University "Carol I" Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies. 2010: 35. 21 September 2013에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. Greece supported Armenia both by delivering military and economic assistance and diplomatic representation by promoting the Armenia's interests in the EU and NATO.