1894年聖座辦公室收到一份要求確認教會對一本由神學書法國多明我會的神學家所寫的有關達爾文的神學專書《L'évolution restreinte deux espèces organiques, par le père Léry dominicain》的立場的信件,從辦公室對辯論以及向專家的諮詢紀錄來看,他們對於這項議題的觀點差異很大。這次的事件結論是該書籍被撤回,然而這群學者的注意目標還是在人類的演化上。[10]
此外,在2005年11月18日,梵蒂岡的首席天文學家,喬治·柯尼神父(George Coyne)發表聲明,「智能設計不是科學學說,即使它假裝是,如果想在課堂上教智能設計,應該歸類在宗教或文化史的類別,而不是科學」。[22]其他如身為天主教平信徒的學者甘迺迪·R·米勒(Kenneth R. Miller)也是有名的智設論以及年輕地球論的反對者,也是多佛學區案的原告方第一證人。[23]然而,雖然在教廷的立場上偏向支持演化論,也有像發現研究所的高階成員米歇爾·貝希(Michael Behe)持反對演化論而支持智設論的天主教平信徒身分之學者,他和米勒在多佛案中正好分別擔任原告和被告雙方不同立場的證人。[24]
本篤十六世在樞機時期出版的著作《在起初...:天主教對創造和墮落的故事的了解》(In the Beginning...: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall,出版於1995年9月1日),談及「內部的協調存在於創造與演進,以及理性和信仰間」,認為這二方並不衝突。[2]
^Matt Young, Taner Edis. Why Intelligent Design Fails: A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism. Rutgers, The State University. [2010-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-19). An influential Roman Catholic cardinal, Cristoph Schonborn, the archbishop of Vienna, appeared to retreat from John Paul II's support for evolution and wrote in The New York Times that descent with modification is a fact, but evolution in the sense of "an unguided, unplanned process of random variation and natural selection" is false. Many of Schonborn's complaints about Darwinian evolution echoed pronouncements originiating from the Discovery Institute, the right-wing American think tank that plays a central role in the ID movement (and whose public relations firm submitted Schonborn's article to the Times).
^Parliamentary Assembly, Working Papers: 2007 Ordinary Session. Council of Europe Publishing. [2010-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-19). Christoph Schonborn, the Archbishop of Vienna, published an article in The New York Times stating that the declarations made by Pope John Paul II could not be interpreted as recognising evolution. At the same time, he repeated arguments put forward by the supporters of the intelligent design ideas.
^Review (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by John F. McCarthy, Living Tradition. Quotes p. 150 of the English edition
^Ronald L. Numbers. The creationists: from scientific creationism to intelligent design. Random House. [2010-12-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-19). Miffed by Krauss's comments, officers at the Discovery Institute arranged for the cardinal archbishop of Vienna, Cristoph Sconborn (b. 1945), to write an op-ed piece for the Times dismissing the late pope's statement as "rather vague and unimportant" and denying the truth of "evolution in the neo-Darwinian sense—an unguided, unplanned process of random variation and natural selection". The cardinal, it seems, had received the backing of the new pope, Benedict XVI, the former Joseph Ratzinger (b. 1927), who in the mid-1980s, while serving as prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, successor to the notorious Inquisition, had written a defense of the doctrine of creation agasint Catholics who stressed the sufficiency of "selection and mutation". Humans, Benedict XVI insisted, are "not the products of chance and error", and "the universe is not the product of darkness and unreason. It comes from intelligence, freedom, and from the beauty that is identical with love." Recent discoveries in microbiology and biochemistry, he was happy to say, had revealed "reasonable design."
^Communion and Stewardship: Human Persons Created in the Image of God, plenary sessions held in Rome 2000–2002, published July 2004