^Lipkin, Paul H.; Mostofsky, Stewart. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neurobiology of Disease. Elsevier. 2007: 631–639. ISBN 978-0-12-088592-3. doi:10.1016/b978-012088592-3/50059-1. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common developmental disorder of childhood, affecting approximately 3–9% of schoolchildren [1,2].
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Emond, V; Joyal, C; Poissant, H. Neuroanatomie structurelle et fonctionnelle du trouble déficitaire d’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) [Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. Encephale. 2009-04, 35 (2): 107–14. PMID 19393378. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005(法语).
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Singh, I. Beyond polemics: Science and ethics of ADHD. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2008-12, 9 (12): 957–64. PMID 19020513. doi:10.1038/nrn2514.
^Cheng, Yu-Shian; Shyu, Yu-Chiau; Lee, Sheng-Yu; Yuan, Shin-Sheng; Yang, Chun-Ju; Yang, Kang-Chung; Lee, Tung-Liang; Wang, Liang-Jen. Trend, characteristics, and pharmacotherapy of adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide survey in Taiwan. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (Dove Medical Press Ltd.). 2017,. Volume 13: 643–651. ISSN 1178-2021. doi:10.2147/ndt.s126438.
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Park, Subin; Cho, Maeng Je; Chang, Sung Man; Jeon, Hong Jin; Cho, Seong-Jin; Kim, Byung-Soo; Bae, Jae Nam; Wang, Hee-Ryung; Ahn, Joon Ho; Hong, Jin Pyo. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidities of adult ADHD symptoms in Korea: Results of the Korean epidemiologic catchment area study. Psychiatry Research (Elsevier BV). 2011, 186 (2-3): 378–383 [2017-04-21]. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.047. In the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 4.4% of 3199 subjects aged 18 to 44 years met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (Kessler et al., 2006). The acceptance of ADHD symptoms in adults, because the prevalence rates of ADHD in Korean school-age children are similar to the rates reported in Western countries (Kim, 2002).
^ 34.034.1Pham, Hoai Danh; Nguyen, Huu Bao Han; Tran, Diep Tuan. Prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Vinh Long, Vietnam. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society (Wiley). 2015-08-19, 57 (5): 856–859. ISSN 1328-8067. PMID 25864909. doi:10.1111/ped.12656.
^ 35.035.15 Depressive disorder, conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Department of Health. [2018-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-17). Table 5.2 shows the prevalence of the three disorders. The most common disorder was ADHD, which had a prevalence of 11.2%. Within this group, 5.8% had the Inattentive Subtype of ADHD, 2.0% the Hyperactive-Impulsive Subtype and 3.3% the Combined Subtype.
^Catalá-López, F; Peiró, S; Ridao, M; Sanfélix-Gimeno, G; Gènova-Maleras, R; Catalá, MA. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Spain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.. BMC Psychiatry. 2012-10-12, 12: 168. PMID 23057832. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-168.
^ 37.037.137.2Romo, Lucia; Ladner, Joel; Kotbagi, Gayatri; Morvan, Yannick; Saleh, Dalia; Tavolacci, Marie Pierre; Kern, Laurence. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France. Journal of behavioral addictions (Akademiai Kiado Zrt.). 2018-07-16: 1–9. ISSN 2062-5871. PMID 30010409. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.58. Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies (repeated classes more often) than non-ADHD students, and considered their academic level to be lower. They also had significantly higher scores on substance (alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco) as well as behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying disorder, eating disorders, and Internet addiction). Conclusion It seems essential to determine students' problems and propose interventions adapted to students' needs, in order to reduce the negative impact on their future academic and global successes.
^ 38.038.1Bakare, MO. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder (ADHD) among African children: a review of epidemiology and co-morbidities.. African Journal of Psychiatry. September 2012, 15 (5): 358–61. PMID 23044891. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v15i5.45.