^Rojas, Neal L.; Chan, Eugenia. Old and new controversies in the alternative treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews (Wiley). 2005, 11 (2): 116–130. ISSN 1080-4013. PMID 15977318. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20064.
^ 8.08.18.28.3Hyperactivity and sugar: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. 2018-07-09 [2018-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-23）. In some cases, a special diet of foods without artificial flavors or colors works for a child, because the family and the child interact in a different way when the child eliminates these foods. These changes, not the diet itself, may improve the behavior and activity level. Refined (processed) sugars may have some effect on children's activity. Refined sugars and carbohydrates enter the bloodstream quickly. Therefore, they cause rapid changes in blood sugar levels. This may make a child become more active. Several studies have shown a link between artificial colorings and hyperactivity. On the other hand, other studies do not show any effect. This issue is yet to be decided. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^Dietz, William. Nutrition : what every parent needs to know. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics. 2012. ISBN 978-1-58110-631-2. OCLC 767736204.
^Wolraich, Mark L. The Effect of Sugar on Behavior or Cognition in Children. JAMA (American Medical Association (AMA)). 1995-11-22, 274 (20): 1617. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530200053037. The meta-analytic synthesis of the studies to date found that sugar does not affect the behavior or cognitive performance of children. The strong belief of parents may be due to expectancy and common association. However, a small effect of sugar or effects on subsets of children cannot be ruled out.(JAMA. 1995;274:1617-1621)
^Hyperactivity and sugar: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. 2018-07-09 [2018-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-23）. Recommendations. There are many reasons to limit the sugar a child has other than the effect on activity level. A diet high in sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. High-sugar foods tend to have fewer vitamins and minerals. These foods may replace foods with more nutrition. High-sugar foods also have extra calories that can lead to obesity. Some people have allergies to dyes and flavors. If a child has a diagnosed allergy, talk to a dietitian. Add fiber to your child's diet to keep blood sugar levels more even. For breakfast, fiber is found in oatmeal, shredded wheat, berries, bananas, whole-grain pancakes. For lunch, fiber is found in whole-grain breads, peaches, grapes, and other fresh fruits. Provide "quiet time" so that children can learn to calm themselves at home. Talk to your health care provider if your child cannot sit still when other children of his or her age can, or cannot control impulses. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ 16.016.1Young, G; Conquer, J. Omega-3 fatty acids and neuropsychiatric disorders. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development. January 2005, 45 (1): 1–28. PMID 15865053. doi:10.1051/rnd:2005001.
^Rucklidge, Julia J.; Johnstone, Jeanette; Gorman, Brigette; Boggis, Anna; Frampton, Christopher M. Moderators of treatment response in adults with ADHD treated with a vitamin–mineral supplement. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry (Elsevier BV). 2014-04-03, 50: 163–171. ISSN 0278-5846. PMID 24374068. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.014.
^Helen Briggs. Vitamins ‘effective in treating ADHD symptoms’. BBC News. 2014-01-30 [2017-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-14）. After eight weeks of treatment those on supplements reported greater improvements in both their inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity compared with those taking the placebo. "Our study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness for micronutrients in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in adults," said Prof Julia Rucklidge, who led the study. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^Rucklidge, Julia J.; Eggleston, Matthew J.F.; Johnstone, Jeanette M.; Darling, Kathryn; Frampton, Chris M. Vitamin-mineral treatment improves aggression and emotional regulation in children with ADHD: a fully blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines (Wiley). 2018, 59 (3): 232–246. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 28967099. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12817.
^ 24.024.1Ioannidis, K; Chamberlain, SR; Müller, U. Ostracising caffeine from the pharmacological arsenal for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder—was this a correct decision? A literature review. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). September 2014, 28 (9): 830–6. PMID 24989644. doi:10.1177/0269881114541014.
^Toledano A, Alvarez MI, Toledano-Díaz A. Diversity and variability of the effects of nicotine on different cortical regions of the brain – therapeutic and toxicological implications. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. September 2010, 10 (3): 180–206. PMID 20528766. doi:10.2174/1871524911006030180. hdl:10261/61750.
