浮浪幼蟲樣動物

浮浪幼虫样动物
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
亚界：	真後生動物亞界 Eumetazoa
演化支：	副同源异形基因动物 ParaHoxozoa
演化支：	浮浪幼虫样动物 Planulozoa
门 (生物)
	刺絲胞動物門; 两侧对称动物異無腔動物門; 金伯拉蟲 Kimberella †; 塔利怪物 Tullimonstrum †; 腎管動物後口動物脊索动物门; 步带动物半索动物门; 棘皮动物门; †?寒武枝觸動物（英语：Cambroernid）; ; 皱囊虫 Saccorhytus †; ; 原口动物蛻皮動物; 螺旋動物; ; ;

浮浪幼蟲樣動物（學名：Planulozoa）是副同源异形基因动物的一個演化支，不同學者對其定義有所差異，現在多被用以指稱包含刺胞動物門與两侧对称动物的演化支，為扁盤動物門的姊妹群^[1]，但其原始定義將扁盤動物門也包含其中，即將浮浪幼蟲樣動物視為副同源异形基因动物的異名（senior synonym）。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

副同源异形基因动物（扁盤動物、刺胞動物與兩側對稱動物）皆具有Zic基因，但浮浪幼蟲樣動物（刺胞動物與兩側對稱動物）的Zic基因編碼的蛋白質具有Zoc與ZF-NC這兩個結構域，扁盤動物的Zic基因則闕如^[7]。

演化

浮浪幼蟲樣動物

	脊索动物

	棘皮动物

原口动物

	蛻皮動物

	螺旋動物

610 mya

650 mya

680 mya

760 mya

950 mya

參考文獻

^ Eitel, Michael; Francis, Warren; Osigus, Hans-Jürgen; Krebs, Stefan; Vargas, Sergio; Blum, Helmut; Williams, Gray Argust; Schierwater, Bernd; Wörheide, Gert. A taxogenomics approach uncovers a new genus in the phylum Placozoa. bioRxiv. 2017-10-13: 202119 [2020-02-05]. doi:10.1101/202119. （原始内容存档于2018-11-18）.
^ Edgecombe, G. D.; Giribet, G., “Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution”: A decade later, University of Padova Press, 2019-01-15 [2019-07-17], ISBN 9788869381409, （原始内容存档于2020-04-16）（英语）
^ Aleshin VV, Petrov NB (2002) Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa. Zh Obshch Biol 63(3):195-208
^ Laumer, Christopher E; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G; Pearse, Vicki B; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C; Giribet, Gonzalo. Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias. eLife. 2018-10-30, 7. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202 . PMID 30373720. doi:10.7554/elife.36278 （英语）.
^ Schuchert, Peter. Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against the Neuropeptide RFamide. Acta Zoologica. 1993-03-01, 74 (2): 115–117. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01227.x.
^ Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd. The evolution of the placozoa: A new morphological model. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 2002-06-01, 82 (1): 315–324. ISSN 0037-2110. doi:10.1007/bf03043791.
^ Layden, Michael J., Cnidarian Zic Genes, Zic family, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1046, Springer, Singapore: 27–39, 2018, ISBN 9789811073106, PMID 29442315, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_2 （英语）

[1] Eitel, Michael; Francis, Warren; Osigus, Hans-Jürgen; Krebs, Stefan; Vargas, Sergio; Blum, Helmut; Williams, Gray Argust; Schierwater, Bernd; Wörheide, Gert. A taxogenomics approach uncovers a new genus in the phylum Placozoa. bioRxiv. 2017-10-13: 202119 [2020-02-05]. doi:10.1101/202119. （原始内容存档于2018-11-18）.

[2] Edgecombe, G. D.; Giribet, G., “Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution”: A decade later, University of Padova Press, 2019-01-15 [2019-07-17], ISBN 9788869381409, （原始内容存档于2020-04-16）（英语）

[Aleshin2002-3] Aleshin VV, Petrov NB (2002) Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa. Zh Obshch Biol 63(3):195-208

[4] Laumer, Christopher E; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G; Pearse, Vicki B; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C; Giribet, Gonzalo. Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias. eLife. 2018-10-30, 7. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6277202 . PMID 30373720. doi:10.7554/elife.36278 （英语）.

[5] Schuchert, Peter. Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has Cells that React with Antibodies Against the Neuropeptide RFamide. Acta Zoologica. 1993-03-01, 74 (2): 115–117. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01227.x.

[6] Syed, Tareq; Schierwater, Bernd. The evolution of the placozoa: A new morphological model. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 2002-06-01, 82 (1): 315–324. ISSN 0037-2110. doi:10.1007/bf03043791.

[7] Layden, Michael J., Cnidarian Zic Genes, Zic family, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1046, Springer, Singapore: 27–39, 2018, ISBN 9789811073106, PMID 29442315, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_2 （英语）

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浮浪幼蟲樣動物

演化

參考文獻

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