镱化合物

镱化合物是含有镱（Yb）元素的化合物，其+3价最为常见。镱的三卤化物也可以被氢气、锌屑或金属镱还原为二卤化物。^[1]+2价的镱化合物几乎只存在于固体化合物中，其部分性质和碱土金属化合物的较为相似。^[1]

卤化物及卤素配合物

镱可以形成二卤化物和三卤化物，二卤化物在室温易被氧化为三卤化物，或在高温歧化为三卤化物和金属镱：^[1]

3 YbX₂ → 2 YbX₃ + Yb（X=F, Cl, Br, I）

一些镱的卤化物在有机合成中可以用作反应试剂，例如三氯化镱是一种路易斯酸，可用于催化羟醛缩合^[2]及狄尔斯–阿尔德反应。^[3]它可以被氢气还原为Yb₆Cl₁₃^[4]，或被镱还原为YbCl₂。^[5]二碘化镱的性质和二碘化钐相似，可以在偶联反应中用作还原剂。^[6]

镱在四氢呋喃中和二碘合银酸二(1,3-二氢-1,3-二甲基咪唑-2-亚基)银于四氢呋喃中反应，过滤后可以结晶出对空气敏感的红色晶体，二碘化二(1,3-二氢-1,3-二甲基咪唑-2-亚基)二(四氢呋喃)合镱。^[7]

氧化物

氧化镱的照片（左）与其结构（右）

镱和氧气反应，可以得到氧化镱（Yb₂O₃），它具有“稀土C型倍半氧化物”结构，即萤石结构移除四分之一的阴离子，镱处于两种不同的六配位环境中。^[8]氧化镱可以被金属镱还原为一氧化镱（YbO），它具有岩盐结构。^[1]

其它化合物

十二硼化镱（YbB₁₂）是一种近藤绝缘体（英语：Kondo insulator），有电子及结构特性的相关研究。^[9]

硝酸镱是一种无色易溶于水的晶体，可以形成水合物。^[10]^[11]

二膦基镱可由镱和膦在液氨中反应制得，它可以进一步分解为磷化镱：^[12]

Yb(PH₂)₂•5NH₃ → Yb(PH₂)₂ + 5NH₃

2Yb(PH₂)₂ → YbP + 2PH₃ + H₂

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Die Lanthanoide. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 1265–1279. ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3 （德语）.
^ Lou, S.; Westbrook, J. A.; Schaus, S. E. Decarboxylative Aldol Reactions of Allyl β-Keto Esters via Heterobimetallic Catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2004, 126 (37): 11440–11441. PMID 15366881. doi:10.1021/ja045981k.
^ Fang, X.; Watkin, J. G.; Warner, B. P. Ytterbium Trichloride-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane. Tetrahedron Letters. 2000, 41 (4): 447. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02090-0.
^ Heinrich Luke; Harry A. Eick. Crystal structure of ytterbium erbium chloride (Yb5ErCl13) and ytterbium chloride (Yb6Cl13). Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 3, 965–968. doi:10.1021/ic00133a019.
^ K.E. Johnson; J.R. Mackenzie (1970). Anhydrous chlorides of some rare earths. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 32(1), 43–48. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80447-x.
^ Girard, P.; Namy, J. L.; Kagan, H. B. Divalent Lanthanide Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. 1. Mild Preparation of Samarium Iodide and Ytterbium Iodide and Their Use as Reducing or Coupling Agents. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1980, 102 (8): 2693. doi:10.1021/ja00528a029.
^ Noah Schwarz; et al. Application of the Redox-Transmetalation Procedure to Access Divalent Lanthanide and Alkaline-Earth NHC Complexes. Chemistry A European Journal. 2021. 27 (5). 12857-12865. doi:10.1002/chem.202101923.
^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition, Oxford Science Publications, ISBN 0-19-855370-6
^ Al'tshuler, T. S.; Bresler, M. S. On the nature of the energy gap in ytterbium dodecaboride YbB₁₂. Physics of the Solid State. 2002, 44 (8): 1532–1535. Bibcode:2002PhSS...44.1532A. S2CID 120575196. doi:10.1134/1.1501353.
^ Ytterbium(III) nitrate pentahydrate. Sigma Aldrich. [19 August 2021].
^ Edelmann, Frank T.; Herrmann, Wolfgang A. Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 6, 1997: Volume 6: Lanthanides and Actinides. Georg Thieme Verlag. 14 May 2014: 23 [19 August 2021]. ISBN 978-3-13-179221-1 （英语）.
^ Pytlewski, L. L.; Howell, J. K. Preparation of Europium and ytterbium phosphides in liquid ammonia. Chemical Communications. 1 January 1967, (24): 1280 [21 December 2021]. doi:10.1039/C19670001280 （英语）.

[Holl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Die Lanthanoide. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 1265–1279. ISBN 978-3-11-007511-3 （德语）.

[2] Lou, S.; Westbrook, J. A.; Schaus, S. E. Decarboxylative Aldol Reactions of Allyl β-Keto Esters via Heterobimetallic Catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2004, 126 (37): 11440–11441. PMID 15366881. doi:10.1021/ja045981k.

[3] Fang, X.; Watkin, J. G.; Warner, B. P. Ytterbium Trichloride-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane. Tetrahedron Letters. 2000, 41 (4): 447. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02090-0.

[4] Heinrich Luke; Harry A. Eick. Crystal structure of ytterbium erbium chloride (Yb5ErCl13) and ytterbium chloride (Yb6Cl13). Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 3, 965–968. doi:10.1021/ic00133a019.

[5] K.E. Johnson; J.R. Mackenzie (1970). Anhydrous chlorides of some rare earths. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 32(1), 43–48. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80447-x.

[6] Girard, P.; Namy, J. L.; Kagan, H. B. Divalent Lanthanide Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. 1. Mild Preparation of Samarium Iodide and Ytterbium Iodide and Their Use as Reducing or Coupling Agents. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1980, 102 (8): 2693. doi:10.1021/ja00528a029.

[7] Noah Schwarz; et al. Application of the Redox-Transmetalation Procedure to Access Divalent Lanthanide and Alkaline-Earth NHC Complexes. Chemistry A European Journal. 2021. 27 (5). 12857-12865. doi:10.1002/chem.202101923.

[8] Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition, Oxford Science Publications, ISBN 0-19-855370-6

[9] Al'tshuler, T. S.; Bresler, M. S. On the nature of the energy gap in ytterbium dodecaboride YbB₁₂. Physics of the Solid State. 2002, 44 (8): 1532–1535. Bibcode:2002PhSS...44.1532A. S2CID 120575196. doi:10.1134/1.1501353.

[10] Ytterbium(III) nitrate pentahydrate. Sigma Aldrich. [19 August 2021].

[11] Edelmann, Frank T.; Herrmann, Wolfgang A. Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 6, 1997: Volume 6: Lanthanides and Actinides. Georg Thieme Verlag. 14 May 2014: 23 [19 August 2021]. ISBN 978-3-13-179221-1 （英语）.

[12] Pytlewski, L. L.; Howell, J. K. Preparation of Europium and ytterbium phosphides in liquid ammonia. Chemical Communications. 1 January 1967, (24): 1280 [21 December 2021]. doi:10.1039/C19670001280 （英语）.

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镱化合物

卤化物及卤素配合物

氧化物

其它化合物

参考文献

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