而在另外一些人看来,圣座的国际法人资格单单是由于他国的承认。例如布朗利认为,圣座“作为一种宗教组织并非源于其在梵蒂冈的领地”,而是“实质性原则(principle of effectiveness)”的一种结果,或者说是其它国家在不违反任何强行法的情况下自愿承认圣座、与其建立外交关系并进行实质行动的一种结果,因而由此而来的国际法人资格仅仅对于准备和圣座建立或维持外交关系的国家有效。[7]克劳福德(James Richard Crawford)也认为,大量国家的承认是我们认同梵蒂冈国家法人资格是一项重要依据,如今我们很难否认这一点。[8]
^The criteria for statehood were first authoritatively enunciated at the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States, signed on 26 December 1933.
^Robert Araujo and John Lucal, Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace, the Vatican and International Organizations from the early years to the League of Nations, Sapienza Press (2004), ISBN1-932589-01-5, p. 16. See also James Crawford, The Creation of States in International Law, (1979) p. 154.
^Robert Graham, Vatican Diplomacy, A Study of Church and State on the International Plane (1959) pp. 186, 201
^Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 4th ed. ISBN0-19-825639-6 (1990) p. 65.
^Jean Louis Tauran, "Etica e ordine mondiale: l’apporto specific della Santa Sede", in Giulio Cipollone, La Chiesa e l’ordine internationale, Roma: Gangemi Editore (2004) p. 184. (Italian)
^Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz, Revue Belge de Droit International, 29 (1996) 354.
^Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 4th ed. ISBN0-19-825639-6 (1990) p. 65
^Robert Araujo and John Lucal, Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace, the Vatican and International Organizations from the early years to the League of Nations, Sapienza Press (2004), ISBN1-932589-01-5, pp. 4-5.
^Kunz, "The Status of the Holy See in International Law" 46 American Journal of International Law (1952) pp. 309-313
^Robert Araujo and John Lucal, Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace, the Vatican and International Organizations from the early years to the League of Nations, Sapienza Press (2004), ISBN1-932589-01-5, p. 7.
^Robert Jennings and Arthur Watts, Oppenheim's International Law, v.1 Peace, 9th ed., (1992) ISBN978-0-582-50108-9, p. 326.
^United Nations International Law Commission, Commentary to Article 2 of the Vienna Convention on Treaties, 2 ILC Yearbook, p. 96, quoted in: Robert Araujo and John Lucal, Papal Diplomacy and the Quest for Peace, the Vatican and International Organizations from the early years to the League of Nations, Sapienza Press (2004), ISBN1-932589-01-5, p. 7.
^Kunz, "The Status of the Holy See in International Law" 46 American Journal of International Law (1952) pp. 309-313. Crawford, p. 157, noted that: "Though some writers denied that the Holy See had any international standing at all after 1870, the true position is that it retained after the annexation of the Papal States what it always had, a degree of international personality, measured by the extent of its existing legal rights and duties, together with its capacity to conclude treaties and to receive and accredit envoys."