“对那些重要的气体的密度的测定,以及由这些研究而发现氩”(对氢气、氧气、氮气等气体密度的测量,并因测量氮气而发现氩) "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"[11]
“他的精密光学仪器,以及借助它们所做的光谱学和计量学研究” "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"[14]
“发明用于控制灯塔和浮标中气体蓄积器的自动调节阀” "for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys"[19]
“他在低温下物体性质的研究,尤其是液态氦的製成” "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"[20]
“他的,推动物理学的精密测量的,有关镍钢合金的反常现象的发现” "[for] the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"[26]
“创立量子力学,以及由此导致的氢的同素异形体的发现” "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"[37]
“证明了可由中子辐照而产生的新放射性元素的存在,以及有关慢中子引发的核反应的发现” "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"[42]
“对回旋加速器的发明和发展,并以此获得有关人工放射性元素的研究成果” "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"[43]
“他对分子束方法的发展以及有关质子磁矩的研究发现” "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"[44]
“发明获得超高压的装置,并在高压物理学领域作出发现” "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics"[47]
“对高层大气的物理学的研究,特别是对所谓阿普顿层的发现” "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"[48]
“改进威尔逊云雾室方法和由此在核物理和宇宙射线领域的发现” "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"[49]
“发展研究核过程的照相方法,以及基于该方法的有关介子的研究发现” "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"[51]
“发展出用于核磁精密测量的新方法,并凭此所得的研究成果” "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[53]
“在量子力学领域的基础研究,特别是他对波函数的统计詮释” "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[55]
“他们对所谓的宇称不守恆定律的敏锐地研究,该定律导致了有关基本粒子的许多重大发现” "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"[58]
“关于对原子核中的电子散射的先驱性研究,并由此得到的关于核子结构的研究发现” "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[62]
“他的有关γ射线共振吸收现象的研究以及与这个以他命名的效应相关的研究发现” "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"[62]
“他对原子核和基本粒子理论的贡献,特别是对基础的对称性原理的发现和应用” "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[64]
“在量子电子学领域的基础研究成果,该成果导致了基于激微波-激光原理建造的振荡器和放大器"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"[65]
“他们在量子电动力学方面的基础性工作,这些工作对粒子物理学产生深远影响” "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[66]
“他对核反应理论的贡献,特别是关于恒星中能源的产生的研究发现” "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"[68]
“他对粒子物理学的决定性贡献,特别是因他发展了氢气泡室技术和数据分析方法,从而发现了一大批共振态” "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"[69]
“磁流体动力学的基础研究和发现,及其在等离子体物理学富有成果的应用” "for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"[71]
“关于反铁磁性和铁磁性的基础研究和发现以及在固体物理学方面的重要应用” "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"[71]
“他理论上预测出通过隧道势垒的超电流的性质,特别是那些通常被称为约瑟夫森效应的现象” "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect"[74]
“他们在射电天体物理学的开创性研究:赖尔的发明和观测,特别是合成孔径技术;休伊什在发现脉冲星方面的关键性角色” "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"[75]
“发现原子核中集体运动和粒子运动之间的联系,并且根据这种联系发展了有关原子核结构的理论” "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[76]
“关于基本粒子间弱相互作用和电磁相互作用的统一理论的,包括对弱中性流的预言在内的贡献” "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[80]
“对宇宙中形成化学元素的核反应的理论和实验研究” "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"[84]
“对导致发现弱相互作用传递者,场粒子W和Z的大型项目的决定性贡献” "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"[85]
“中微子束方式,以及通过发现子中微子证明了轻子的对偶结构” "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"[89]
“发明分离振荡场方法及其在氢激微波和其他原子钟中的应用” "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"[90]
“他们有关电子在质子和被绑定的中子上的深度非弹性散射的开创性研究,这些研究对粒子物理学的夸克模型的发展有必不可少的重要性” "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"[91]
“发现研究简单系统中有序现象的方法可以被推广到比较复杂的物质形式,特别是推广到液晶和聚合物的研究中” "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"[92]
“发现新一类脉冲星,该发现开发了研究引力的新的可能性” "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"[94]
“对中子频谱学的发展,以及对用于凝聚态物质研究的中子散射技术的开创性研究” "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"[95]
“对中子衍射技术的发展,以及对用于凝聚态物质研究的中子散射技术的开创性研究” "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"[95]
“在碱性原子稀薄气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态方面取得的成就,以及凝聚态物质属性质的早期基础性研究” "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"[102]
“对包括光频梳技术在内的,基于激光的精密光谱学发展做出的贡献,” "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"[106]
“发现对称性破缺的来源,并预测了至少三大类夸克在自然界中的存在” "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"[109]
“次原子粒子質量的生成機制理論,此發現促進了人類對這方面的理解,並且最近由歐洲核子研究組織屬下大型強子對撞機的超環面儀器及緊湊緲子線圈探測器發現的基本粒子證實。” "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"[115]
“發明有效率的藍色發光二極體,催生明亮而節省能源的白色光源” "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"[116]
“發現從原子到行星尺度的物理系統中無序和波動的相互作用” "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales"[123]
“在有關量子糾纏的實驗,確立貝爾不等式的違背驗證以及開拓量子資訊科學” "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"[124]
“在有關產生原秒光脈衝(英语:Attosecond physics)來研究物質中之電動力的實驗法” "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"[125]