^Jaynes, E. T., 2003, Probability Theory: the Logic of Science, Cambridge University Press, see pg. xx of Preface and pg. 43.
^Gigerenzer, Gerd; Zeno Swijtink; Theodore Porter; Lorraine Daston; John Beatty; Lorenz Krüger (1989). The Empire of chance : how probability changed science and everyday life. Cambridge Cambridgeshire New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35-6, 45. ISBN978-0521398381
^Gorroochurn, Prakash (2012). “Some Laws and Problems of Classical Probability and How Cardano Anticipated Them”. Chance25 (4): 13-20. doi:10.1080/09332480.2012.752279. Cardano placed too much emphasis on luck (and too little on mathematics) to be regarded as the father of probability. The text contains 5 historical definitions of classical probability by Cardano, Leibniz, Bernoulli, de Moivre and Laplace. Only the last, by Laplace, was fully appreciated and used.
^ abFienberg, Stephen E. (1992). “A Brief History of Statistics in Three and One-half Chapters: A Review Essay”. Statistical Science7 (2): 208-225. doi:10.1214/ss/1177011360.
^Shafer, Glenn (1996). “The significance of Jacob Bernoulli's Ars Conjectandi for the philosophy of probability today”. Journal of Econometrics75 (1): 15-32. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(95)01766-6.
^Lubières, Charles-Benjamin, baron de. "Probability." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Daniel C. Weiner. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.983. Originally published as "Probabilité," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, 13:393–400 (Paris, 1765).
^Laplace, P. S., 1814, English edition 1951, A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, New York: Dover Publications Inc.