Типично, парламентарне републике су државе које су раније биле уставне монархије са парламентарним системом, са положајем шефа државе који је додељен монарху.[3]
Након пораза Наполеона III у француско-пруском рату, Француска је поново постала република – Француска Трећа република – 1870. Председник Треће републике је имао знатно мања извршна овлашћења од оних у претходне две републике. Трећа република је трајала до инвазије Француске од стране нацистичке Немачке 1940. Након завршетка рата, Француска Четврта република је конституисана на сличан начин 1946. Четврта република је доживела еру великог економског раста у Француској и обнове друштвене институције и индустрија нације после рата, и одиграла је важну улогу у развоју процеса европских интеграција, који су трајно променили континент. Било је покушаја да се ојача извршна власт како би се спречила нестабилна ситуација која је постојала пре рата, али је нестабилност остала, и у Четвртој републици су се често мењале власти – било је 20 влада за десет година. Поред тога, влада се показала неспособном да донесе ефикасне одлуке у вези са деколонизацијом. Као резултат тога, Четврта република је пропала и оном што су неки критичари сматрали де факто државним ударом, накнадно легитимизованим референдумом 5. октобра 1958, довело је до успостављања Француске Пете републике 1959. године.
Списак савремених парламентарних република и сродних система
Номинално; Устав је делимично замењен додатним члановима који предвиђају полупредседничку републику са директним председничким изборима и једнодомним законодавством. Ови додатни чланци имају клаузулу о застаревању која ће их укинути у случају хипотетичког обнављања царске владавине у континенталној Кини.
^Estonia was previously a parliamentary republic between 1918 and 1934 when the system was changed to a presidential system which was thereafter overthrown by a coup d'état. In 1938, Estonia finally adopted a presidential system and in June 1940 was illegally occupied by the Soviet Union. Became a parliamentary republic again in 1990 with the implementation of an interim period to restore full independence, which was achieved by 1991.
^Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008 ISBN9780719078538), he quotes Nousiainen, Jaakko (јун 2001). „From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland”. Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95—109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048.CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза) as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitutional amendements reduced the powers of the president even further.
^In the case of the former West German states, including former West Berlin, the previous one-party state is Nazi Germany, but in the case of the New Länder and former East Berlin it is East Germany. German reunification took place on 3 October 1990, when the five re-established states of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin was united into a single city-state. Therefore, this date applies to today's Federal Republic of Germany as a whole, although the area of former East Germany was no part of that parliamentary republic until 1990.
^Officially bicameral, upper house never entered into functions, to present day.
^Latvia was previously a parliamentary republic between 1921 and 1934 when the then prime minister Kārlis Ulmanis took power in a coup d'état. In June 1940 Latvia was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union.
^Under a transitional government between 2006 and 2015; this Transitional Government was responsible to an elected Constituent Assembly, which resolved to establish a republic in 2008.
^Had a transitional government between 1991 and 2012.
^Veser, Ernst (23. 9. 1997). „Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model”(PDF) (на језику: енглески и кинески). Department of Education, School of Education, University of Cologne. стр. 39—60. Архивирано из оригинала(PDF) 24. 04. 2021. г. Приступљено 21. 8. 2017. „Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's pléiade as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).”CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
^Shugart, Matthew Søberg (децембар 2005). „Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns”(PDF). French Politics. 3 (3): 323—351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. Приступљено 21. 8. 2017. „Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people’s elected agent. Such powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to parliament, it cannot legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account.”CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
