1845年,英國侵略錫克帝國,锡克帝国战败,被迫与英国议和,割让大量领土。根据《拉合尔条约(英语:Treaty of Lahore)》,查谟-克什米尔从锡克帝国中独立。1846年,不列颠东印度公司在赢得战争之后进占克什米尔谷,并将这块土地通过《阿姆利则条约(英语:Treaty of Amritsar)》卖给查谟的多格拉人,查谟和克什米尔土邦建立。《阿姆利则条约》写明,查谟和克什米尔土邦的领土范围西起拉维河,东至印度河,共210,000平方公里。[11]
^ 1.01.1Kashmir: region, Indian subcontinent. Encyclopaedia Britannica. [16 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-13). Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by Afghanistan to the northwest. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, ... The southern and southeastern portions constitute the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions are divided by a “line of control” agreed to in 1972, although neither country recognizes it as an international boundary. In addition, China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and since 1962 has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region)."
^ 2.02.1Kashmir territories profile. BBC. [16 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-24). Quote: "The Himalayan region of Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan for over six decades.
Since India's partition and the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the nuclear-armed neighbours have fought three wars over the Muslim-majority territory, which both claim in full but control in part.
Today it remains one of the most militarised zones in the world. China administers parts of the territory."
^Kashmir profile — timeline. BBC. [16 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-27). Quote: "1950s - China gradually occupies eastern Kashmir (Aksai Chin). 1962 - China defeats India in a short war for control of Aksai Chin. 1963 - Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakoram Tract of Kashmir to China."
^Basham, A. L. (2005) The wonder that was India, Picador. Pp. 572. ISBN 0-330-43909-X, p. 110.
^ 5.05.15.2Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 15. 1908. Oxford University Press, Oxford and London. pp. 93–95.
Drew, Federic (1877). “The Northern Barrier of India: a popular account of the Jammoo and Kashmir Territories with Illustrations.&;#8221; 1st edition: Edward Stanford, London. Reprint: Light & Life Publishers, Jammu. 1971.
Neve, Arthur (Date unknown). The Tourist's Guide to Kashmir, Ladakh, Skardo &c. 18th Edition. Civil and Military Gazette, Ltd., Lahore. (The date of this edition is unknown - but the 16th edition was published in 1938)
Evans, Alexander. "Why Peace Won’t Come to Kashmir", Current History (Vol 100, No 645) April 2001. pp. 170-175.
Stein, M. Aurel (1900). Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī – A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr, 2 vols. London, A. Constable & Co. Ltd. 1900. Reprint, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.
Knight, E. F. (1893). Where Three Empires Meet: A Narrative of Recent Travel in: Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries. Longmans, Green, and Co., London. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei. 1971.
Younghusband, Francis and Molyneux, Edward 1917. Kashmir. A. & C. Black, London.
Drew, Frederic. Date unknown. The Northern Barrier of India: a popular account of the Jammoo and Kashmir Territories with Illustrations. Reprint: Light & Life Publishers, Jammu. 1971.
Moorcroft, William and Trebeck, George. 1841. Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara... from 1819 to 1825, Vol. II. Reprint: New Delhi, Sagar Publications, 1971.
Anonymous. 1614. Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir. Translated by K.N. Pandit. [1]
Schofield, Victoria. Kashmir in the Crossfire (London: I B Tauris, 1996)
Behera, Navnita. State, identity and violence : Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh (New Delhi: Manohar, 2000)
Varshney, Ashutosh. India, Pakistan and Kashmir: Antinomies of Nationalism. Asian Survey, November 1991. pp. 997-1019.