對立反抗症

對立反抗症
Oppositional defiant disorder
對立反抗症; Oppositional defiant disorder
起病年龄	兒童或青少年
治療	认知行为疗法、家庭治療、諮商介入（英语：intervention (counseling)）
分类和外部资源
醫學專科	精神医学、臨床心理學
ICD-11	6C90
ICD-10	F91.3
ICD-9-CM	313.81
MedlinePlus	001537
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

对立违抗障碍^[1]（oppositional defiant disorder，ODD，台湾作對立反抗症）^[2]，又稱違拗症。在精神疾病診斷與統計手冊第五版（DSM-5）中列在「破壞性，衝動控制和行為障礙」（Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders）以下，其定義是兒童及青少年的「包括情緒憤怒或是煩躁，爭論或是挑釁行為、以及報復性的行為模式」^[3]。對立反抗症和品行障碍的情形不同，有對立反抗症的人一般對人或是動物沒有攻擊性、不會破壞物品、也不會有盜竊或欺騙的行為模式^[4]。

參考資料

^ World Health Organization(WHO,世界卫生组织). 06 Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders(06 精神、行为或神经发育障碍)//ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics[OL],2024-01. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en?secondLanguageCode=zh#1487528823 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ A Guide For Families (PDF). www.AACAP.org. 2009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-22）.
^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth. Diagnostic Criteria 313.81 (F91.3): American Psychiatric Association. 1980.
^ Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan. (ab)normal psychology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 2014: 323. ISBN 978-0-07-803538-8.

延伸閱讀

Latimer K, Wilson P, Kemp J, et al. Disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review of environmental antenatal and early years risk factors. Child Care Health Dev. September 2012, 38 (5): 611–28. PMID 22372737. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01366.x.
Matthys W, Vanderschuren LJ, Schutter DJ, Lochman JE. Impaired neurocognitive functions affect social learning processes in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: implications for interventions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. September 2012, 15 (3): 234–46. PMID 22790712. doi:10.1007/s10567-012-0118-7.

外部連結

ODD Resource Center – American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

[1] World Health Organization(WHO,世界卫生组织). 06 Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders(06 精神、行为或神经发育障碍)//ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics[OL],2024-01. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en?secondLanguageCode=zh#1487528823 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[2] A Guide For Families (PDF). www.AACAP.org. 2009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-22）.

[3] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth. Diagnostic Criteria 313.81 (F91.3): American Psychiatric Association. 1980.

[4] Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan. (ab)normal psychology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 2014: 323. ISBN 978-0-07-803538-8.

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對立反抗症

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參考資料

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