性欲低下症[1](英語:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder,縮寫HSDD),抑或性慾抑制、 低性欲[2]:543,是性功能障碍的一種,它會導致個體對性活動失去慾望,或沒有任何的性幻想。只有在構成了當事人極大的痛苦或對其親密關係構成負面影響時,這一狀態才會被視為一種障礙看待,且最好在診斷時排除其他疾病或藥物的影響。具有性慾障礙的人不會主動發生性行為,亦不會對他人的有關慾望有所回應[3]。它影響了美國約10%未踏入更年期的女性人口,亦即約600萬名女性[4]。
在該本書出版之後,性治療隨即變成了一門熱門新興行業。不過有關性慾低下者的治療記錄最早要到了1972年才出現。此後直到1977年,才視之為一種特定疾病看待[25]。性治療師海倫·辛格·卡普蘭(英语:Helen Singer Kaplan)與哈羅德·萊夫分別提出了一個用於形容低性慾者或無性慾者的分類——「低性慾」(hypoactive sexual desire)與「性慾抑制」(inhibited sexual desire)。在當時,性治療一般會假設求診者擁有一定的性興趣,而問題只是由生殖器功能異常或性焦慮所引起——在這種前設底下難以治療對其伴侶沒有性慾的人,故此他們認為有必要提出這個分類[26]。次年,卡普蘭與萊夫共同向自身所屬的APA工作小組提出有關DSM-III性障礙內容的建議書。1980年推出的DSM-III包含了有關低性慾的診斷標準[27]。
^ 5.05.15.25.3American Psychiatric Association (编). Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, 302.71 (F52.0). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013: 440–443.
^ 6.06.16.2American Psychiatric Association (编). Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, 302.72 (F52.22). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013: 433–437.
^Munjack, Dennis, and Pamela Kanno. "An overview of outcome on frigidity: treatment effects and effectiveness." Comprehensive Psychiatry 17.3 (1976): 401-413.
^Janssen, E., Bancroft J. The dual control model: The role of sexual inhibition & excitation in sexual arousal and behavior. Janssen, E. (编). The Psychophysiology of Sex. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press. 2006.
^Brauer M, van leeuwen M, Janssen E, Newhouse SK, Heiman JR, Laan E. Attentional and Affective Processing of Sexual Stimuli in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2011, 41 (4): 891–905. PMID 21892693. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9820-7.
^Rosen RC, Shifren JL, Monz BU, Odom DM, Russo PA, Johannes CB. Correlates of sexually-related personal distress in women with low sexual desire. Journal of Sexual Medicine. June 2009, 6 (6): 1549–1560. PMID 19473457. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01252.x.
^Basson, Rosemary. Sexual Desire/Arousal Disorders in Women. Leiblum, Sandra (编). Principles and Practice of Sex Therapy 4th. New York: The Guilford Press. 2007.
^Jaspers, L; Feys, F; Bramer, WM; Franco, OH; Leusink, P; Laan, ET. Efficacy and Safety of Flibanserin for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016-04-01, 176 (4): 453–62. PMID 26927498. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.8565.
^ 19.019.1Wierman, ME; Arlt, W; Basson, R; Davis, SR; Miller, KK; Murad, MH; Rosner, W; Santoro, N. Androgen therapy in women: a reappraisal: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014, 99 (10): 3489–510. PMID 25279570. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2260.
^Peter Cryle and Alison Moore, Frigidity: An Intellectual History. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. ISBN978-0-230-30345-4.
^Peter Cyle and Alison Moore, Frigidity at the Fin-de-Siècle, a Slippery and Capacious Concept, Journal of the History of Sexuality 19 (2) 2010, 243-261.
^Relocating Marie Bonaparte’s Clitoris. Australian Feminist Studies 24 (60), 2009, 149-165.
^Apfelbaum, Bernard. An Ego Analytic Perspective on Desire Disorders. Lieblum, Sandra; Rosen, Raymond (编). Sexual Desire Disorders. The Guilford Press. 1988.
^Flore, Jacinthe. The problem of sexual imbalance and techniques of the self in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. History of Psychiatry. 2016, 27 (3): 320–335. PMID 27118809. doi:10.1177/0957154X16644391.
^Flore, Jacinthe. HSDD and asexuality: a question of instruments. Psychology & Sexuality. 2013, 4 (2): 152–166. doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.774163.
Peter Cryle and Alison Moore, Frigidity: An Intellectual History. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. ISBN978-0-230-30345-4.
Peter Cryle and Alison Moore, Frigidity at the Fin-de-Siècle, a Slippery and Capacious Concept, Journal of the History of Sexuality 19 (2) 2010, 243-261.
Alison Moore, Frigidity, Gender and Power in French Cultural History – From Jean Fauconney to Marie Bonaparte. French Cultural Studies20 (4), 2009, 331-349.
Alison Moore, The Invention of the Unsexual: Situating Frigidity in the History of Sexuality and in Feminist Thought. French History and Civilization 2 (2009), 181-192.