除特别注明外,本条目所有时间均以
中时区 时间(
UTC±0 )为准。
1950年代 1960年代 1970年代 1980年代 1990年代 2000年代 2010年代 2020年代
在2015年的航天 活动中,中国长征六号 、长征十一号 运载火箭 完成首飞。
2015年全球共尝试了87次轨道发射,其中82次成功,1次部分成功,4次失败。这一年还完成了七次国际空间站宇航员舱外活动 。本年大部分轨道发射是由俄罗斯 、美国 和中国 进行的,分别进行了27次、20次和19次发射。
概述
2015年2月,欧洲航天局 实验升力体航天器——过渡实验飞行器 成功进行首次试飞,这是一次接近入轨的亚轨道飞行。
2015年3月,黎明号 进入轨道,谷神星 成为第一颗被航天器访问的矮行星 。2015年7月,新视野号 经过9年的航行访问了冥王星 -卡戎 系统,带回了有关这颗前“第九大行星”(现被归类为矮行星)的大量图片和信息。与此同时,信使号 探测器在轨道上观测了4年后受控撞向水星 。
2015年11月23日,蓝色起源 新谢泼德号 亚轨道火箭在发射场附近实现首次动力软着陆,为其推进级的全面重复使用铺平了道路。12月21日,SpaceX 猎鹰9号全推力火箭 完成首飞,第一级成功着陆。
2015年12月17日,中国发射了暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空” 。
两颗老旧氣象衛星 NOAA-16 和DMSP5D-2/F13 于2015年解体,产生了数百块太空垃圾 。这两起案件的根本原因都被怀疑是电池爆炸。
图集
轨道发射
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
January
10 January 09:47:10
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-5
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
11 February 2015 00:44
Successful
⚀ AESP-14
ITA
Low Earth
Ionospheric research
11 May 2015
Successful
⚀ Flock-1 d' 1
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
13 October 2015
Successful
⚀ Flock-1 d' 2
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
27 December 2015
Successful
SpaceX attempted to land the first stage on a platform in the Atlantic Ocean , but the first stage crash-landed on its landing platform.[ 1] The AESP-14 CubeSat was deployed from the space station on 5 February 2015,[ 2] while the Flock-1 CubeSats were deployed on 3 March 2015.[ 3]
21 January 01:04:00
Atlas V 551
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
MUOS-3
US Navy
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
31 January 14:22:00
Delta II 7320
Vandenberg SLC-2W
United Launch Alliance
SMAP
NASA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ ExoCube
Cal Poly
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ FIREBIRD II A
Montana State
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
2 August 2023[ 4]
Successful
⚀ FIREBIRD II B
Montana State
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
2 August 2023[ 5]
Successful
⚀ GRIFEX
NASA / JPL
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
February
1 February 01:21:00
H-IIA 202
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
IGS -Radar Spare
CSICE
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Successful[ 6]
1 February 12:31:00
Proton-M /Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Inmarsat 5-F2
Inmarsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
2 February 08:50
Safir-1B
LBS.2001
Semnan
ISA
Fajr
ISA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
26 February 2015
Successful
11 February 13:40:00
Vega
Kourou ELV
Arianespace
IXV
ESA
Transatmospheric
Technology demonstration
11 February 2015 15:19
Successful
Vega's 4th stage briefly entered low Earth orbit before de-orbiting; thus it did not get a COSPAR ID. This marked the first flight of the IXV
11 February 23:03:32
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
DSCOVR
NOAA
Sun–Earth L1
Earth observation / Heliophysics
在轨
Operational
First SpaceX launch aimed beyond GTO . First stage soft landed on water.
17 February 11:00:17
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-26M / 58P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
14 August 2015 14:17
Successful
27 February 11:01:35
Soyuz-2.1a
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2503 (Bars-M 1L)
VKO
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
March
2 March 03:50:00
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
Eutelsat 115 West B
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
ABS-3A
ABS
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
First communication satellites to use all-electric propulsion to reach intended orbits from GTO .
13 March 02:44:00
Atlas V 421
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
MMS-1
NASA
Elliptical High Earth
Magnetospheric research
在轨
Operational
MMS-2
NASA
Elliptical High Earth
Magnetospheric research
在轨
Operational
MMS-3
NASA
Elliptical High Earth
Magnetospheric research
在轨
Operational
MMS-4
NASA
Elliptical High Earth
Magnetospheric research
在轨
Operational
18 March 22:05:00
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
Khrunichev
Ekspress AM7
RSCC
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
25 March 18:36:00
Delta IV M+(4,2)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-260 (GPS IIF-9 )
US Air Force
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
25 March 22:08:53
Dnepr
Dombarovsky Site 13
ISC Kosmotras
KOMPSat-3A
KARI
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Final flight of Dnepr-1 rocket, due to the Russo-Ukrainian war .
26 March 01:21:00
H-IIA 202
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
IGS -Optical 5
CSICE
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
27 March 19:42:57
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-16M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 43 /44 /45 /46
12 September 2015 00:51
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, including two on a year-long mission.
27 March 21:46:18
Soyuz-STB / Fregat
Kourou ELS
Arianespace
Galileo FOC 3
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 4
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
28 March 11:49:00
PSLV -XL
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
IRNSS -1D
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
30 March 13:52:30
Long March 3C/E /YZ-1
Xichang LC-2
CASC
BeiDou I1-S
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
31 March 13:47:56
Rokot / Briz-KM
Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133/3
VKO
Gonets-M 11
Gonets Satellite System
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Gonets-M 12
Gonets Satellite System
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Gonets-M 13
Gonets Satellite System
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2504
VKO
Low Earth
Technology demonstration / Satellite inspection (?)
在轨
Operational
April
14 April 20:10:41
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-6
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
21 May 2015 16:42
Successful
Arkyd 3 Reflight
Planetary Resources
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
23 December 2015
Successful
⚀ Flock-1 e × 14
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
First: 8 February 2016 Last: 24 August 2016
Successful
First stage recovery failed; the rocket stage landed on the target drone ship too fast, tipped over, and exploded.[ 7] All secondary payloads were deployed from an ISS airlock later. Arkyd 3 Reflight is a replacement for Arkyd 3, which was lost in the Cygnus CRS Orb-3 flight accident in 2014.
26 April 20:00:07
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Thor 7
Telenor
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
SICRAL-2
MDD /DGA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
27 April 23:03:00
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT
Turkmen Telecom
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
First Turkmen satellite (not counting Turkmenistan Memorial Capsule ).
28 April 07:09:50
Soyuz-2.1a
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Progress M-27M / 59P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
8 May 2015
Failure
Spacecraft lost communications and attitude control soon after separation failure during launch.[ 8] International Space Station docking attempt cancelled.[ 9] Mission declared a total loss.[ 10]
May
16 May 05:47:39
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Mexsat-1
SCT
Geosynchronous
Communications
16 May 2015
Launch failure
Proton third stage vernier engine failed at T+497 seconds due to turbopump shaft coating degradation causing excess vibration.[ 11]
20 May 15:05:00
Atlas V 501
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
AFSPC-5 (X-37B OTV-4 )
U.S. Air Force
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
7 May 2017
Operational
ULTRASat
NASA
Low Earth
CubeSat Deployment
在轨
Operational
⚀ LightSail 1
The Planetary Society
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
14 June 2015 17:23
Successful
⚀ USS Langley
U.S. Naval Academy
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ BRICSat-P
U.S. Naval Academy / George Washington
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ ParkinsonSat
U.S. Naval Academy
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ GEARRS-2
Taylor
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ AeroCube-8A
The Aerospace Corporation
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
11 October 2021[ 13]
Successful
⚀ AeroCube-8B
The Aerospace Corporation
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
2 October 2021[ 14]
Successful
⚀ OptiCube 1
CalPoly
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ OptiCube 2
CalPoly
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ OptiCube 3
CalPoly
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
The X-37B spaceplane landed autonomously at Kennedy Space Center 's Shuttle Landing Facility after spending a record-breaking 718 days in orbit.[ 12]
27 May 21:16:07
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
DirecTV-15
DirecTV
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Sky Mexico 1
SKY Mexico
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
June
5 June 15:23:54
Soyuz-2.1a
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2505 (Kobalt-M №10)
VKO
Low Earth
Reconnaissance
18 September 2015
Successful
23 June 01:51:58
Vega
Kourou ELV
Arianespace
Sentinel-2A
ESA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
23 June 16:44:00
Soyuz-2.1b
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2506 (Persona №3)
VKO
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
26 June 06:22:04
Long March 4B
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Gaofen 8
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation / Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
28 June 14:21:11
Falcon 9 v1.1
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-7
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
28 June 2015
Launch Failure
⚀ Flock-1 f × 8[ 16]
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
28 June 2015
Launch Failure
Vehicle disintegrated at T+139 seconds after second stage helium tank support strut failure caused helium tank to break through second stage tanks.[ 15] Attempted to deliver the IDA-1 segment of the NASA Docking System . CubeSats were to be deployed from the International Space Station at a later date. Planned first stage landing test not achieved.
July
3 July 04:55:48
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-28M / 60P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
19 December 2015
Successful
10 July 16:28:00
PSLV -XL
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
UK-DMC-3A
DMCii
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
UK-DMC-3B
DMCii
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
UK-DMC-3C
DMCii
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
CBNT-1
SSTL
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ DeOrbitSail
Surrey Space Centre
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
15 July 15:36:00
Atlas V 401
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-262 (GPS IIF-10 )
U.S. Air Force
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
15 July 21:42:07
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Star One C4
Star One
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
MSG-4
EUMETSAT
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
22 July 21:02:44
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-17M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 44 /45
11 December 2015 13:10
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
24 July 00:07:00
Delta IV M+(5,4)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-263 (WGS-7 )
U.S. Air Force
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
25 July 12:29:04
Long March 3B /YZ-1
Xichang LA-2
CASC
BeiDou M1-S
CNSA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
BeiDou M2-S
CNSA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
August
19 August 11:50:49
H-IIB
Tanegashima LA-Y2
MHI
HTV-5
JAXA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
29 September 2015
Successful
⚀ AAUSAT5
Aalborg
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
15 March 2016
Successful
⚀ Flock-2 b × 14[ 18]
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
First: 22 May 2016 Last: 17 October 2016
Successful (12 deployed)
⚀ GOMX-3
GomSpace
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
19 October 2016[ 19]
Successful
⚀ S-CUBE
Chiba Institute of Technology
Low Earth
Meteor observation
23 November 2016[ 20]
⚀ SERPENS
University of Brasília / Brazilian Space Agency
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
27 March 2016
Successful
CubeSats to be deployed from the International Space Station at a later date. SERPENS and S-CUBE were deployed on 17 September. AAUSAT5, GOMX-3, and Dove Flocks were deployed on 5–7 October, but two out of the fourteen Dove Flocks failed to be deployed due to a malfunction of the deployer.[ 17]
20 August 20:34:08
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Eutelsat 8 West B
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Intelsat 34
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
27 August 02:31:35
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Yaogan 27
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
27 August 11:22:00
GSLV Mk II
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
GSAT-6
Indian Armed Forces /ISRO
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
28 August 11:44:00
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Inmarsat 5-F3
Inmarsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
September
2 September 04:37:43
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-18M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 45 /46 /iriss [ 23]
2 March 2016 04:26
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts: including ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen , the first Dane in space, and Aidyn Aimbetov , the first cosmonaut from an independent Kazakhstan .Sarah Brightman was intended to fly this mission as a spaceflight participant, but withdrew from training on 13 May 2015 for personal reasons.[ 21] Japan ese space tourist Satoshi Takamatsu was believed to be taking Brightman's place, but he declined and Roscosmos chose Aimbetov as an alternative instead.[ 22] Landed with the Year in Space crew of Scott Kelly and Mikhail Korniyenko
2 September 10:18:00
Atlas V 551
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
MUOS-4
U.S. Navy
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
11 September 02:08:10
Soyuz-STB / Fregat
Kourou ELS
Arianespace
Galileo FOC 5
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 6
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
12 September 15:42:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-2
CASC
TJS-1
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
14 September 04:42
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CASC
Gaofen 9
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation / Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
14 September 19:00:00
Proton-M / Blok DM-03
Baikonur Site 81/24
Khrunichev
Ekspress AM8
RSCC
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
19 September 23:01:14
Long March 6
Taiyuan LC-16
CASC
LilacSat-2
HIT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
NS-2
Tsinghua University
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
NUDT-PhoneSat
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
29 March 2023[ 24]
Successful
Tiantuo-3
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Xingchen 1
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Xingchen 2
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Xingchen 3
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Xingchen 4
NUDT
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Xiwang-2 A
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
25 April 2023[ 25]
Successful
Xiwang-2 B
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
Xiwang-2 C
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
Xiwang-2 D
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
Xiwang-2 E
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
Xiwang-2 F
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
XY-2
CASC
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
ZDPS-2A
ZJU
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
ZDPS-2B
ZJU
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
ZJ-1
Tsinghua University
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
ZJ-2
Tsinghua / Xidian
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ DCBB
CAMSAT
Low Earth (SSO )
Education
在轨
Operational
Maiden flight of the Long March 6 vehicle.
23 September 21:59:38
Rokot / Briz-KM
Plesetsk Site 133/3
VKO
Kosmos 2507 (Strela-3M )
VKO
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2508 (Strela-3M )
VKO
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2509 (Strela-3M )
VKO
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
25 September 01:41:40
Long March 11
Jiuquan LS-95A
CASC
Pujiang-1
SAST
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ Tianwang 1A (Shankeda 2)
ShanghaiTech
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
30 December 2022[ 26]
Successful
⚀ Tianwang 1B (NJUST 2)
NJUST
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
31 March 2021[ 27]
Successful
⚀ Tianwang 1C (NJFA 1)
ShanghaiTech
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
27 February 2021[ 28]
Successful
Maiden flight of the Long March 11 vehicle.
28 September 04:30:00
PSLV -XL
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
Astrosat
ISRO
Low Earth
X-ray astronomy
在轨
Operational
LAPAN-A2
LAPAN
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
ExactView 9
exactEarth
Low Earth
Maritime observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Lemur-2 1
NanoSatisfi
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Lemur-2 2
NanoSatisfi
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Lemur-2 3
NanoSatisfi
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Lemur-2 4
NanoSatisfi
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
29 September 23:13:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LA-3
CASC
BeiDou I2-S
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
30 September 20:30:07
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
NBN-Co 1A (Sky Muster)
NBN Co
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
ARSAT-2
ARSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
October
1 October 16:49:40
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-29M / 61P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
8 April 2016
Successful
2 October 10:28:00
Atlas V 421
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
Mexsat-2
SCT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
7 October 04:13:04
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CASC
Jilin-1 Smart Verification Satellite [ 29]
Chang Guang Satellite Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Jilin-1 Optical-A [ 30]
Chang Guang Satellite Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Jilin-1 Video-01 (Lingqiao 1-01)[ 31]
Chang Guang Satellite Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Jilin-1 Video-02 (Lingqiao 1-02)[ 31]
Chang Guang Satellite Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
8 October 12:49:30
Atlas V 401
Vandenberg SLC-3E
United Launch Alliance
USA-264 (NOSS )
NRO
Low Earth
ELINT
在轨
Operational
USA-264 (NOSS )
NRO
Low Earth
ELINT
在轨
Operational
⚀ Aerocube-5c
The Aerospace Corporation
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ Aerocube-7
The Aerospace Corporation
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ AMSAT Fox-1
AMSAT
Low Earth
Amateur radio / Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ ARC-1
UAF
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ BisonSat
SKC
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ LMRST-Sat
NASA / JPL
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ PropCube x 2
Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ SINOD-D x 2
SRI International
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ SNaP-3 x 3
U.S. Army SMDC
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
NRO Launch 55
16 October 16:16:04
Long March 3B/E
Xichang LC-2
CASC
APStar-9
APT Satellite Holdings
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
16 October 20:40:11
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Türksat 4B
Türksat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
26 October 07:10:04
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CASC
Tianhui 1C
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation (Cartography )
在轨
Operational
31 October 16:13:00
Atlas V 401
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-265 (GPS IIF-11 )
U.S. Air Force
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
November
3 November 16:25:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-3
CASC
ChinaSat 2C
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
4 November 03:45:00
SPARK
Pacific Missile Range Facility LP-41
ORS
HiakaSat
ORS
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
⚀ EDSN x 8
NASA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
⚀ PrintSat
Montana State University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
⚀ Argus
St. Louis University and Vanderbilt University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
⚀ STACEM
Utah State University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
⚀ Supernova-Beta
Pumpkin, Inc.
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
4 November 2015
Launch failure
Maiden flight of the SPARK/Super Strypi launch vehicle. Vehicle lost attitude control at T+1 minute.
8 November 07:06:04
Long March 4B
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Yaogan 28
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
10 November 21:34:07
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Arabsat 6B
Arabsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
GSAT-15
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
17 November 06:33:41
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2510 (EKS (Tundra) )
VKO
Molniya [ 33]
Early warning
在轨
Operational[ 34]
First space component for Russia's new unified missile early warning network.[ 32]
20 November 16:07:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-2
CASC
LaoSat-1
Laos National Authority for Science and Technology
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
First Laotian satellite[ 35]
24 November 06:50:00
H-IIA 204
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
Telstar 12V
Telesat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
26 November 21:24:04
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Yaogan 29
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
December
3 December 04:04:00
Vega
Kourou ELV
Arianespace
LISA Pathfinder
ESA / NASA
Sun–Earth L1
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
5 December 14:08:33
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2511 (Kanopus-ST )
VKO
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
8 December 2015 05:43
Launch failure
Kosmos 2512 (KYuA-1)
Almaz-Antey
Low Earth (SSO )
Radar calibration
在轨
Operational
Kanopus-ST failed to separate from the Volga upper stage.[ 36] [ 37]
6 December 21:44:57
Atlas V 401
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
Cygnus CRS OA-4 S.S. Deke Slayton II
Orbital ATK / NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
20 February 2016
Successful
SIMPL
NovaWurks
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
26 July 2022[ 40]
Successful
⚀ Flock-2 e x 12
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
First: 25 July 2017[ 41] Last: 14 August 2018[ 42]
Successful
⚀ CADRE
University of Michigan
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
3 January 2017[ 43]
Successful
⚀ MinXSS 1
University of Colorado Boulder
Low Earth
Solar physics , Space weather
5 May 2017[ 44]
Successful
⚀ Nodes x 2
NASA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
23 September 2017[ 45]
Successful
⚀ STMSat 1
St. Thomas More Cathedral School
Low Earth
Education
21 April 2017[ 46]
Successful
Flight moved from Antares 130 rocket following launch failure of Cygnus CRS Orb-3 . Originally scheduled for 1 April 2015.[ 38] MinXSS was deployed into orbit from ISS on 16 May 2016.[ 39]
9 December 16:46:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-3
CASC
ChinaSat 1C
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
11 December 13:45:33
Zenit-3F
Baikonur Site 45/1
Roscosmos
Elektro-L No.2
Roscosmos
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
13 December 00:19:00
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 81/24
Khrunichev
Kosmos 2513 (Garpun No. 12L )
VKO
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
15 December 11:03:09
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-19M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 46 /47
18 June 2016 09:15
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
16 December 12:30:00
PSLV -CA
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
TeLEOS-1
AgilSpace
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
VELOX C1
NTU
Low Earth
Atmospheric science
在轨
Operational
⚀ VELOX 2
NTU
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Kent Ridge 1
NUS
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Galassia
NUS
Low Earth
Atmospheric science
在轨
Operational
⚀ Athenoxat-1
NTU
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
17 December 00:12:04
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CASC
DAMPE
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
High-energy astronomy
在轨
Operational
17 December 11:51:56
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat
Kourou ELS
Arianespace
Galileo FOC 8
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 9
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
21 December 08:44:39
Soyuz-2.1a
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Progress MS-01 / 62P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS resupply
3 July 2016 07:50
Operational
First launch of the new Progress-MS variant.
22 December 01:29:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
Orbcomm-2 F2
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F5
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F8
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F10
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F12
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F13
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F14
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F15
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F16
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F17
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Orbcomm-2 F18
Orbcomm
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
First flight of the upgraded "full thrust" version of Falcon 9 , first Falcon 9 flight after launch failure in June . First successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test .
24 December 21:31:19
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
Khrunichev
Ekspress AMU1
RSCC
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
28 December 16:04:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-2
CASC
Gaofen 4
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
亚轨道飞行
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
26 January 09:13
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Poker Flat
NASA
M-TEX
Alaska
Suborbital
Auroral
26 January
Successful
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)?
26 January 09:14
Terrier-Orion
Poker Flat
NASA
MIST
Clemson
Suborbital
Auroral
26 January
Successful
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)?
26 January 09:46
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Poker Flat
NASA
M-TEX
Alaska
Suborbital
Auroral
26 January
Successful
Apogee: ~160公里(99英里)?
26 January 09:47
Terrier-Orion
Poker Flat
NASA
MIST
Clemson
Suborbital
Auroral
26 January
Successful
Apogee: ~130公里(81英里)?
28 January 10:41
Talos Terrier Oriole Nihka
Poker Flat
NASA
ASSP
USU
Suborbital
Auroral
28 January
Successful
Apogee: ~590公里(370英里)?
31 January 02:36:00[ 47]
Agni V
Integrated Test Range Launch Complex IV
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
31 January
Successful
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里)
19 February
Prithvi II
Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
19 February
Successful
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
19 February 22:06
VS-30 /Improved Orion
Andøya
Andøya
ICI-4 (CanoRock 4)
Oslo /Andøya
Suborbital
Technology
19 February
Successful
Apogee: 365公里(227英里)
22 February 07:52
VSB-30
Esrange
CNES
Cryofenix
CNES
Suborbital
Microgravity
22 February
Successful
Apogee: 265公里(165英里)
22 February
UGM-133 Trident II D5
Submarine, Pacific Ocean
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
22 February
Successful
22 February
UGM-133 Trident II D5
Submarine, Pacific Ocean
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
22 February
Successful
24 February 07:30
Terrier-Oriole
Wallops Island
TBD
DOD
Suborbital
Missile Defense Test
24 February
Successful
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)?
24 February 07:30
Terrier-Oriole
Wallops Island
TBD
DOD
Suborbital
Missile Defense Test
24 February
Successful
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)?
24 February 07:30
Terrier-Oriole
Wallops Island
TBD
DOD
Suborbital
Missile Defense Test
24 February
Successful
FTX-19 target, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)?
25 February 12:26
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
MOSC 2
AFRL
Suborbital
Ionospheric research
25 February
Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里)?
26 February
UR-100N U
Yasniy
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
26 February
Launch failure[ 48]
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test
1 March[ 49]
Hwasong-6
Nampo
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
1 March
Successful
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 1 of 2.
1 March[ 49]
Hwasong-6
Nampo
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
1 March
Successful
Apogee: 134公里(83英里). 2 of 2.
5 March 01:44
VS-30
Andøya
DLR
WADIS-2
DLR
Suborbital
Atmospheric
5 March
Successful
Apogee: 126公里(78英里), 13 Super Loki meteorological rockets were also launched
9 March
Shaheen-III
Sonmiani
ASFC
ASFC
Suborbital
Missile test
9 March
Successful
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)?
18 March
RS-26 Rubezh
Kapustin Yar
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
18 March
Successful
23 March 10:36
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-10
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
23 March
Successful
GT214GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
27 March 10:54
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-04
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
27 March
Successful
GT215GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
30 March
VSB-30
Andøya
DSTO
HiFire-7
DSTO
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
30 March
Successful
9 April
Dhanush
Ship, Indian Ocean
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Target
9 April
Successful
Apogee: ~100公里(62英里)
15 April
Ghauri
Tilla
Army of Pakistan
Haft-5
Army of Pakistan
Suborbital
Missile test
15 April
Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)
16 April 04:22
Agni-III
ITR IC-4
Indian Army
Indian Army
Suborbital
Missile test
16 April
Successful
Apogee: 350公里(220英里)
18 April 11:01
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Wallops Island
NASA
Rocksat-X
University of Colorado Boulder
Suborbital
Student Research
18 April
Successful
Apogee: ~174公里(108英里)
23 April 07:35
VSB-30
Esrange
EuroLaunch
/ TEXUS-51
DLR/ESA
Suborbital
Microgravity
23 April
Successful
Apogee: 261公里(162英里)
27 April 04:55
VSB-30
Esrange
EuroLaunch
/ TEXUS-52
DLR/ESA
Suborbital
Microgravity
27 April
Successful
Apogee: 255公里(158英里)
2 May 08:30:01
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
OGRESS
University of Iowa
Suborbital
X-Ray Astronomy
2 May
Successful
Apogee: 272公里(169英里)
20 May 10:37
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-09
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
20 May
Successful
GT212GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
21 May 19:15
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
EVE
CU Boulder
Suborbital
SDO calibration
21 May
Launch failure
Second stage failure, flight was terminated safety officials about four seconds into the second stage burn after data showed the vehicle was flying off-course. The payload carrying the experiment separated from the rocket and descended via parachute.
6 June
SM-3-IIA
San Nicolas Island
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
ABM test
6 June
Successful
Maiden flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-01 (SCD CTV-01)
25 June 10:00
Terrier-Improved Orion
Wallops Island
NASA
RockOn
CU Boulder
Suborbital
Student experiments
25 June
Successful
Apogee: 118公里(73英里)
26 June
ARAV ?
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
26 June
Launch failure
Aegis radar target
30 June 04:55
VSB-30
Esrange
EuroLaunch
MAPHEUS-5
DLR
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
30 June
Successful
Apogee: 252公里(157英里)
7 July 10:15
Black Brant IX
Wallops Island
NASA
SOAREX-8
NASA
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
7 July
Successful
Apogee: 350公里(220英里)
29 July 08:30
ARAV ?
MMW E1
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
29 July
Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E1 target, successful intercept by SM-6 Dual I missile
30 July 06:15
ARAV ?
MMW E2
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
30 July
Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?, Aegis MMW E2 target, successful intercept by SM-2 Block IV missile
12 August 10:14
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Wallops Island
NASA
Rocksat-X
Various universities
Suborbital
Student Research
12 August
Successful
Apogee: ~156km (97 miles).[ 50]
19 August 10:03
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-10
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
19 August
Successful
GT213GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
22 August 15:13
RS-12M Topol
Kapustin Yar
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
22 August
Successful
27 August 17:45
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
MOSES-2
MSU
Suborbital
Solar astronomy
27 August
Successful
Apogee: 185英里(298公里)[ 51]
3 September 17:01
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
CLASP
NASA / JAXA / IAC / IAS
Suborbital
Solar astronomy
3 September
Successful
Apogee: 167英里(269公里)[ 52]
11 September 11:00:00
S-520
Uchinoura
JAXA
HU /UT /TU /JAXA
Suborbital
Microgravity
11 September
Successful
Apogee: 312 km[ 53]
16 September 19:06
Black Brant XI
Andøya
NASA
CARE II
NRL
Suborbital
Aeronomy
16 September
Successful
Apogee: 299公里(186英里)
30 September 08:28
M51
Landes
DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale
Suborbital
Test flight
30 September
Successful
Apogee: 500公里(310英里), apparently launched from the land test pad, rather than from a submarine.
2 October 05:39:00
/ VSB-30/Improved Orion
Esrange
Swedish Space Corporation
O-STATES 1
SNSB
Suborbital
Atmospheric Research
2 October
Successful
Apogee: 246公里(153英里)
7 October 23:07:00
Black Brant IX
Wallops Island
NASA
Technology Test Flight
NASA GSFC
Suborbital
Rocket motor test
7 October
Successful
LEO-1
Orbital ATK
Suborbital
Materials Testing
7 October
Successful
NNS
NASA
Suborbital
Materials Testing
7 October
Successful
Apogee: 257.5 kilometers (160mi).[ 54] Test flight of the new Black Brant Mk4 sustainer motor. Other payloads included a cloud of barium and strontium, which was deployed to test the rocket's payload ejection system and was visible for miles along the East Coast of the United States.
19 October 14:09:00
/ VSB-30/Improved Orion
Esrange
Swedish Space Corporation
O-STATES 2
SNSB
Suborbital
Atmospheric Research
19 October
Successful
Apogee: 244公里(152英里)
20 October
Terrier-Orion
ADS-15 E2
South Uist, Hebrides
MDA
DOD
Suborbital
Target
20 October
Successful
SM-3 Target, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)?
20 October
SM-3
ADS-15 E2
“Ross”号DDG-71 , Hebrides Range
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
ABM test
20 October
Successful
First Aegis-Test in the North Atlantic, successful intercept, apogee: ~100公里(62英里)?
21 October 12:45:00
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-04
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
21 October
Successful
GT216GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
28 October 11:30
RS-24 Yars
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
28 October
Successful
30 October
RS-12M Topol
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
30 October
Successful
30 October
R-29RMU Sineva
K-117 Bryansk , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
30 October
Successful
30 October
R-29R Volna
K-223 Podolsk , Sea of Okhotsk
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
30 October
Successful
31 October 23:00 ?
B-611
Shuangchengzi
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM target
31 October
Successful
Target
31 October 23:00 ?
SC-19
Korla
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM test
31 October
Successful
Interceptor, successful intercept
1 November 03:05
SRALT
FTO-02 E2a
C-17 , Pacific Ocean
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
THAAD target
1 November
Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted
1 November 03:07
THAAD
FTO-02 E2a
Wake Island
US Army
US Army/MDA
Suborbital
ABM test
1 November
Successful
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里)
1 November 03:10
eMRBM
FTO-02 E2a
C-17 , Pacific Ocean
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
THAAD target
1 November
Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted
1 November 03:12
THAAD
FTO-02 E2a
Wake Island
US Army
US Army/MDA
Suborbital
ABM test
1 November
Successful
Intercepted target missile, apogee: 100公里(62英里)
6 November 15:01
SpaceLoft XL
Spaceport America
UP Aerospace
FOP-4
NASA
Suborbital
Four technology demonstration experiments
6 November
Successful
Mission SL-10, Apogee: 120.7 kilometers (74.98 miles). First private suborbital rocket to demonstrate ejection of recoverable payloads.[ 55]
8 November 02:00
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Kentucky”号SSBN-737 (6) , Pacific Ocean
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
8 November
Successful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26)
9 November 04:15
Agni-IV
Integrated Test Range
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile Test
9 November
Successful
Apogee: ~850公里(530英里)?
9 November 20:00
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Kentucky”号SSBN-737 (6) , Pacific Ocean
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
9 November
Successful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 26 (DASO-26)
14 November
RSM-56 Bulava
K-551 Vladimir Monomakh , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
14 November
Successful
14 November
RSM-56 Bulava
K-551 Vladimir Monomakh , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
14 November
Successful
Missile did not hit its targets at the Kura test site. The warheads did reach the Kamchatka region, but the miss was fairly large, but that was still not significant enough to abort the flight
17 November 12:12
RS-12M Topol
Kapustin Yar
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
17 November
Successful
21 November
Ghadr-1
Semnan ?
IRGC
IGRC
Suborbital
Missile test
21 November
Successful
apogee: 150公里(93英里)
23 November 17:21
New Shepard
Corn Ranch
Blue Origin
New Shepard
Blue Origin
Suborbital
Test flight
23 November
Successful
Apogee: 100.5公里(62.4英里). Second test flight of the New Shepard launch system, first to cross the Kármán line , and first to achieve a powered landing of its propulsion stage.
25 November 04:17
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
PICTURE-B
UMass
Suborbital
Astronomy
25 November
Successful
apogee: 217公里(135英里)
30 November 07:25
Talos Terrier Oriole Nihka
Andøya
NASA
CAPER
Dartmouth College
Suborbital
Auroral research
30 November
Launch failure
Third stage failure, payload recovered
1 December 05:00
VSB-30
Esrange
EuroLaunch
MASER-13
SSC
Suborbital
Microgravity
1 December
Successful
apogee: 270公里(170英里)
5 December 04:45
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
DXL-2
U of M
Suborbital
Astronomy
5 December
Successful
apogee: 224公里(139英里)
8 December
SM-3-IIA
San Nicolas Island
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
ABM test
8 December
Successful
Second flight of SM-3 Block IIA Cooperative Development Controlled Test Vehicle-02 (SCD CTV-02)
10 December 06:12
Silver Sparrow
F-15 Eagle , Israel
IAF
IAI/IDF
Suborbital
ABM target
10 December
Successful
Arrow-3 target, successfully intercepted, apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
10 December 06:15
Arrow III
Negev
IAF
IAI/IDF
Suborbital
ABM Test
10 December
Successful
First test of the Arrow-III against a target, successful intercept over the Mediterranean
10 December
SRALT
FTO-02 E1a
C-17 , Pacific Ocean
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
SM-3-IB target
10 December
Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), successful intercepted
10 December
SM-3-IB
FTO-02 E1a
Kauai
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
ABM test
10 December
Successful
First intercept flight test of a land-based Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) weapon system
10 December 13:55
Juno
Fort Wingate LC-96
US Army
US Army
Suborbital
Target
10 December
Successful
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
11 December
Shaheen-III
Sonmiani
ASFC
ASFC
Suborbital
Missile test
11 December
Successful
Apogee: 500公里(310英里)?
12 December
R-29RMU Sineva
K-51 Verkhoturye , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
12 December
Successful
13 December 04:32
Black Brant XIIA
Andøya
NASA
RENU 2
New Hampshire
Suborbital
Geospace
13 December
Successful
Apogee: 447公里(278英里)
15 December
Shaheen-IA
Sonmiani
ASFC
ASFC
Suborbital
Missile test
15 December
Successful
18 December 06:52
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
FORTIS
JHU
Suborbital
UV Astronomy
18 December
Successful
apogee: 282公里(175英里)
24 December 17:55
RS-12M Topol
Kapustin Yar
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
24 December
Successful
深空机动
日期 (UTC )
航天器
事件
备注
10 January
Chang'e 5-T1
Injection into Selenocentric orbit
Departed from Earth–Moon L2 on 4 January.
11 January[ 56]
Cassini
109th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 970 kilometres (603 mi).
12 February
Cassini
110th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (746 mi).
6 March[ 57]
Dawn
Enters orbit of Ceres
1st visit to a dwarf planet .
16 March
Cassini
111th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 2,275 kilometres (1,413 mi).
30 April
MESSENGER
Impact to Mercury [ 58]
The crash occurred on the side of the planet not visible from Earth.
7 May
Cassini
112th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 2,722公里(1,691英里).
16 June
Cassini
4th flyby of Dione
Closest approach: 516公里(321英里).
7 July
Cassini
113th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 10,953公里(6,806英里).
14 July
New Horizons
First flyby of Pluto and Charon
2nd visit to a dwarf planet. Closest approach: 12,500 km (7,800 mi).
17 August
Cassini
5th flyby of Dione
Closest approach: 474公里(295英里).
28 September
Cassini
114th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,036 kilometres (643 mi).
14 October
Cassini
Flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 1,839 kilometres (1,142 mi).
28 October
Cassini
Flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 49公里(30英里).
12 November
Cassini
115th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 11,920 kilometres (7,407 mi).
3 December[ 59]
Hayabusa2
Flyby of Earth
Gravity assist
3 December[ 60]
PROCYON
Flyby of Earth
Gravity assist en route to cancelled asteroid flyby.
4 December[ 61]
Shin'en 2
Flyby of Earth
Gravity assist
7 December[ 62]
Akatsuki
Venus orbit insertion
Akatsuki's 2nd flyby of Venus and 2nd (successful) attempt at orbit insertion .
19 December
Cassini
Flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 4,999公里(3,106英里).
舱外活动
开始时间
持续时间
结束时间
航天器
乘组
备注
21 February 12:45
6 hours41 minutes
19:26
Expedition 42 /43
ISS Quest
Barry E. Wilmore
Terry W. Virts
Rigged and routed power and data cables at the forward end of the Harmony module as part of preparations for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2 .[ 63]
25 February 11:51
6 hours43 minutes
18:34
Expedition 42 /43
ISS Quest
Barry E. Wilmore
Terry W. Virts
Completed power and data cable routing at the forward end of the Harmony module. Removed launch locks from forward and aft berthing ports of Tranquility to prepare for relocation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module and the installation of the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module . Lubricated end effector of Canadarm2 .[ 64] [ 65]
1 March 11:52
5 hours38 minutes
17:30
Expedition 42 /43
ISS Quest
Terry W. Virts
Barry E. Wilmore
Finished cable routing, antenna and retro-reflector installation on both sides of the ISS truss and on other modules in preparation for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2 and 3 .[ 66] [ 67]
10 August 14:20
5 hours31 minutes
19:51
Expedition 44 /45
ISS Pirs
Gennady Padalka
Mikhail Korniyenko
Installed gap spanners on the hull of the station for facilitating movement of crew members on future spacewalks, cleaned windows of the Zvezda Service Module, install fasteners on communications antennas, replaced an aging docking antenna, photographed various locations and hardware on Zvezda and nearby modules, and retrieved a space environment experiment.[ 68] [ 69]
28 October 12:03
7 hours16 minutes
19:19
Expedition 45
ISS Quest
Scott Kelly
Kjell N. Lindgren
Prepared a Main Bus Switching Unit for repair, installed a thermal cover on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer , lubricated elements of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System , and routed data and power cables to prepare for the installation of the International Docking Adaptor at PMA-2 and 3 .[ 70]
6 November 11:22
7 hours48 minutes
19:10
Expedition 45
ISS Quest
Scott Kelly
Kjell N. Lindgren
Worked to restore a portion of the ISS 's cooling system to its primary configuration, returning ammonia coolant levels to normal in the primary and backup radiator arrays.[ 71]
21 December 13:45
3 hours16 minutes
16:01
Expedition 46
ISS Quest
Scott Kelly
Timothy Kopra
Released a brake on the Mobile Servicing System to allow it to be properly stowed prior to the arrival of a visiting Progress vehicle. Routed cables in preparation for the installation of the Nauka module and the International Docking Adapter , and retrieved tools from a toolbox.[ 72]
空间碎片事件
轨道发射统计
按国家(区域)
就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国 为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心 发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射,因为联盟2号 是俄罗斯火箭。
中国: 19
法国: 6
意大利: 3
印度: 5
伊朗: 1
日本: 4
俄罗斯: 27
乌克兰: 2
美国: 20
国家(区域)
发射数
成功数
失败数
部分 失败数
备注
中国
19
19
0
0
法國
6
6
0
0
義大利
3
3
0
0
印度
5
5
0
0
伊朗
1
1
0
0
日本
4
4
0
0
俄羅斯
27
24
2
1
包括阿丽亚娜空间公司 从圭亚那航天中心 发射的3次欧洲联盟号火箭
乌克兰
2
2
0
0
天顶与第聂伯火箭从俄罗斯和/或哈萨克斯坦发射
美国
20
18
2
0
总计
87
82
4
1
按火箭
By family
By type
By configuration
按发射场
China
France
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Russia
United States
按轨道
Transatmospheric
Low Earth
Low Earth (ISS)
Low Earth (SSO)
Low Earth (retrograde)
Geosychronous (transfer)
Medium Earth
High Earth
Heliocentric
Orbital regime
Launches
Achieved
Not achieved
Accidentally achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric
1
1
0
0
Low Earth
45
42
2
1
14 to ISS (1 launch failure, 1 failure post-separation)
Geosynchronous /transfer
32
31
1
0
Medium Earth
7
7
0
0
High Earth
2
2
0
0
Total
87
83
3
1
注释
参考
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外部链接
中国国家航天局
中国探月网
Encyclopedia Astronautica
Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
Jonathan's Space Report (SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
NASA
NASA SpaceFlight.com
Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
Space Calander (NASA JPL)
Southwest Space Archive
SPACE.com Launch Forecast
SpaceFlightNow
Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
U.S. Space Objects Registry
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