除特别注明外,本条目所有时间均以
中时区 时间(
UTC±0 )为准。
2016 年航天活动首次 1月15日 末次 12月28日 总计 85 成功 82 失败 2 部分失败 1 标识符 83 处女航 退役 轨道飞行次数 5 载人航天人数合计 14 舱外活动 次数4
1950年代 1960年代 1970年代 1980年代 1990年代 2000年代 2010年代 2020年代
2016年,多个新火箭 和发射场 投入使用。
概述
2016年4月28日,俄罗斯为远东的东方航天发射场 举行了落成典礼,首先进行了传统的联盟号2.1a 发射,随后几年,东方航天发射场进行了扩建,以容纳安加拉 系列火箭。中国长征七号 运载火箭于6月25日在位于海南省 文昌市 的新建成的航天发射场 成功首飞 ,长征五号 运载火箭于也于11月3日在该发射场完成首飞。在2014年发射天鹅座3号货运飞船 爆炸事故发生两年后,Antares火箭 于10月17日再次飞行,其升级版230型火箭 搭载俄罗斯RD-181 发动机。
在多次失败的尝试之后,SpaceX 开始将其猎鹰9号 第一级火箭降落在無人駕駛著陸船 ,离其长期提出的开发可重复使用运载火箭 的目标更近了一步。该公司表示,回收的发动机和结构未遭受重大损坏。[ 1] 其中一枚着陆助推器B1021 于2016年4月发射,并于2017年3月再次飞行;[ 2] 另外两枚助推器被改装为侧置助推器,用于猎鹰重型火箭 的首飞。[ 3]
ExoMars 任务是欧洲和俄罗斯航天机构合作开展的,于3月14日发射,并于10月19日抵达火星。[ 4] 此次飞行致力于天体生物学 研究,搭载了到达火星轨道的ExoMars微量气体轨道器 和着陆时坠毁的斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器 。计划于2020年进行的后续飞行将搭载ExoMars 罗莎琳德·富兰克林探测器 和四台静态地面仪器。[ 5] 与此同时,日本太空探测器“晓”号 在花了五个月时间逐步调整轨道后,于五月开始对金星 进行观测[ 6] 。行星探索活动成为焦点,美国国家航空航天局的朱诺号探测器 于7月4日进入木星 轨道,随后美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的OSIRIS-REx 探测器于9月8日发射,前往小行星101955“贝努” 。最终,9月30日,罗塞塔号 探测器在丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星 上缓慢着陆。[ 7] [ 8]
载人航天飞行包括斯科特·凯利 和米哈伊尔·科尔尼延 科于三月份返回地球,他们此前在国际空间站 执行了为期一年的任务 ,这是宇航员在空间站连续停留时间最长的一次。凯利还创下了美国人在太空轨道停留时间最长的纪录。2016年发射了四次国际空间站探险任务,编号为47至50 ,第一次探险任务使用最后一艘联盟号TMA-M飞船 ,后三次探险任务将使用现代化的联盟号MS 飞船。第50次远征将持续到2017年。进行了多次舱外活动 以维护国际空间站的外部。实验性的BEAM充气居住舱于4月16日安装到国际空间站,并于5月28日展开,开始为期两年的在轨测试。与此同时,中国于9月发射了新的天宫二号 空间实验室,景海鹏 和陈冬 随后搭乘神舟十一号 ,于10月19日至11月17日期间首次访问了该实验室一个月。
轨道发射
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
January
15 January 16:57:04
Long March 3B /E
Xichang LC-3
CASC
Belintersat 1
Belarus
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
17 January 18:42:18
Falcon 9 v1.1
F9-021
Vandenberg SLC-4E
SpaceX
Jason-3
NOAA / EUMETSAT
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust . Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean , but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[ 9]
20 January 04:01:00
PSLV -XL
C31
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
IRNSS -1E
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
27 January 23:20:48
Ariane 5 ECA
VA228
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Intelsat 29e
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Spacecraft failure in 2019[ 10]
29 January 22:20:09
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Eutelsat 9B
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System
February
1 February 07:29:04
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1
Xichang LC-3
CASC
BeiDou M3-S
CNSA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
5 February 13:38:00
Atlas V 401
AV-057
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-266 (GPS IIF-12 )
US Air Force
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
7 February 00:21:07
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
7 February 00:30
Unha-3
Sohae
NADA
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 [ 11]
NADA
Low Earth
Earth observation
30 June 2023[ 12]
Successful
10 February 11:40:32
Delta IV M+ (5,2)
Vandenberg SLC-6
United Launch Alliance
USA-267 / Topaz -4[ 13]
NRO
Retrograde LEO
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
NROL -45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit .
16 February 17:57:40
Rokot / Briz-KM
Plesetsk Site 133/3
/ Eurockot
Sentinel-3A
ESA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
17 February 08:45:00
H-IIA 202
F30
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
Hitomi (ASTRO-H)
JAXA / NASA
Low Earth
X-ray astronomy
在轨
Spacecraft failure
ChubuSat-2
Nagoya University
Low Earth
Radiation / Amateur radio
在轨
Operational
ChubuSat-3
MHI
Low Earth
Remote sensing / Space debris monitor
在轨
Operational
Horyu-4
Kyushu Institute of Technology
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[ 14] [ 15]
March
4 March 23:35:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-022
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SES-9
SES S.A.
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage.
9 March 05:20:07
Ariane 5 ECA
VA229
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Eutelsat 65 West A
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
10 March 10:31:00
PSLV -XL
C32
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
IRNSS -1F
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
13 March 18:56:00
Soyuz-2.1b
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Resurs-P No.3
Roscosmos
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
17 October 2023[ 16]
Partial spacecraft failure[ 17]
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before.
14 March 09:31:42[ 5]
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 200/39
Khrunichev
/ ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
ESA
Areocentric orbit
Mars orbiter
在轨
Operational
Schiaparelli EDM lander
ESA
TMI to Martian Surface
Mars lander
19 October 2016
Landing failure
18 March 21:26:38
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-20M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 47 /48
7 September 2016 01:13
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant
23 March 03:05:52
Atlas V 401
AV-064
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
Cygnus CRS OA-6 S.S. Rick Husband
Orbital ATK / NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
22 June 2016 13:29
Successful
Diwata-1
DOST / TU
Low Earth
Earth observation
6 April 2020[ 19]
Successful
⚀ Flock-2 e' × 20
Planet Labs
Low Earth
Earth observation
First: 3 October 2017[ 20] Last: 10 November 2018[ 21]
Successful
⚀ Lemur-2 × 9
Spire Global
Low Earth
Earth observation
First: 27 February 2017[ 22] Last: 7 April 2017[ 23]
8 successful, 1 failed to deploy
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[ 18] Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date.
24 March 09:42:00
Soyuz-2.1a
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L)
VKS
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
29 March 20:11:04
Long March 3A
Xichang LC-2
CASC
BeiDou IGSO-6
CNSA
IGSO
Navigation
在轨
Operational
31 March 16:23:57
Soyuz-2.1a
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Progress MS-02 / 63P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
14 October 2016 13:39
Successful
⚀ Tomsk-TPU-120
Tomsk Polytechnic University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
20 October 2019[ 25]
Successful
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[ 24]
April
5 April 17:38:04
Long March 2D
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
Shijian 10
CAS
Low Earth
Microgravity Science
18 April 2016 08:30
Successful
8 April 20:43:31
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-023
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-8
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
11 May 2016 18:31
Successful
BEAM
Bigelow Aerospace / NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly
在轨
Operational
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall
25 April 21:02:13
Soyuz-STA / Fregat
Kourou ELS
Arianespace
Sentinel-1B
ESA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Spacecraft failure[ 26]
MICROSCOPE
CNES
Low Earth (SSO )
Astrophysics
在轨
Operational
⚀ AAUSAT-4
Aalborg
Low Earth (SSO )
AIS ship tracking
8 September 2023[ 27]
Successful
⚀ e-st@r-II
Polytechnic University of Turin
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
9 May 2024[ 28]
Successful
⚀ OUFTI-1
Liège
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
14 March 2024[ 29]
Successful
28 April 02:01:21
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga
Vostochny Site 1S
Roscosmos
Mikhailo Lomonosov
MSU
Low Earth (SSO )
Gamma-ray astronomy
16 December 2023[ 30]
Satellite malfunction
Aist-2D
SSAU
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
15 April 2024[ 31]
Successful
⚀ SamSat 218
SSAU
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
4 March 2022[ 32]
Spacecraft failure
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome.
28 April 07:20:00
PSLV -XL
C33
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
IRNSS -1G
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
May
6 May 05:21:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-024
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
JCSAT-14
JSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
15 May 02:43
Long March 2D
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
Yaogan 30
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
24 May 08:48:43
Soyuz-STB / Fregat
Kourou ELS
Arianespace
Galileo FOC 10
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 11
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
27 May 21:39:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-025
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
Thaicom 8
Thaicom
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
29 May 08:44:35
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Spacecraft failure
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705 .[ 33]
30 May 03:17:04
Long March 4B
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Ziyuan III-02
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
ÑuSat -1/-2 (Aleph-1 constellation)[ 34]
Satellogic
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
June
4 June 14:00:13
Rokot / Briz-KM
Plesetsk Site 133/3
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2517 (Geo-IK-2 No.12)
VKS
Low Earth
Geodesy
在轨
Operational
9 June 07:10:00
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 81/24
International Launch Services
Intelsat 31 / DLA-2
Intelsat / DirecTV
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
11 June 17:51:00
Delta IV Heavy
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-268 (Orion 9)
NRO
Geosynchronous
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
NROL-37 mission.
12 June 15:30:04
Long March 3C/E
Xichang LC-3
CASC
BeiDou G7
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
15 June 14:29:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-026
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
Eutelsat 117 West B
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
ABS-2A
ABS
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed.
18 June 21:38:39
Ariane 5 ECA
VA230
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
EchoStar 18
EchoStar
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
BRIsat
BRI
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
22 June 03:56:00
PSLV-XL
C34
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
Cartosat-2C
ISRO
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
BIROS
DLR
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
GHGSat-D (Claire )
GHGSat
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
LAPAN-A3
LAPAN
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
M3MSat
CSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Communications
在轨
Operational
SkySat-C 1
Terra Bella
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ BeeSat 4
TU Berlin
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ Flock-2 p × 12
Planet Labs
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
First: 20 October 2022 Last: 28 March 2023[ 35]
Successful
⚀ SathyabamaSat
Sathyabama University
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Swayam
College of Engineering, Pune
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
24 June 14:30:00
Atlas V 551
AV-063
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
MUOS-5
US Navy
GSO
Communications
在轨
Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[ 36]
25 June 12:00:07
Long March 7 / YZ-1A
Y1
Wenchang LC-2
CASC
Next-generation crew capsule scale model
CMSA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration Flight test
26 June 2016 07:41
Successful
⚀ Star of Aoxiang
NPU
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
29 September 2016
Successful
Aolong-1
CALT
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
27 August 2016
Successful
Tiange-1
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
27 August 2016
Successful
Tiange-2
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
24 August 2016
Successful
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center .[ 37]
29 June 03:21:04
Long March 4B
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
Shijian 16-02
CNSA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
July
7 July 01:36:40
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz MS-01
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 48 /49
30 October 2016 03:58
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant.
16 July 21:41:45
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Progress MS-03 / 64P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
1 February 2017 18:24
Successful
18 July 04:45:29
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-027
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-9
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
26 August 15:47
Successful
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System . Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test .
28 July 12:37:00
Atlas V 421
AV-065
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-269 (Quasar NROL-61 )
NRO
Geosynchronous [ 38]
Communications
在轨
Operational
August
5 August 16:22:04
Long March 3B
Xichang LC-3
CASC
Tiantong-1 01
CAST
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
9 August 22:55:25
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Gaofen-3
CAST
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
14 August 05:26:00
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
F9-028
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
JCSAT-16
JSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
15 August 17:40:04
Long March 2D
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
Quantum Experiments At Space Scale (QUESS)[ 39]
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Lixing-1
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
19 August 2016[ 40]
Spacecraft failure
⚀ 3 Cat 2
UPC
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
18 December 2023[ 41]
Successful
19 August 04:52:00
Delta IV M+ (4,2)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
AFSPC 6 / USA-270 / GSSAP #3
US Air Force
Geosynchronous
Space surveillance
在轨
Operational
AFSPC 6 / USA-271 / GSSAP #4
US Air Force
Geosynchronous
Space surveillance
在轨
Operational
24 August 22:16:01
Ariane 5 ECA
VA232
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Intelsat 33e
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational[ 42]
Intelsat 36
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
31 August 18:50:00
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-9
CASC
Gaofen-10
CAST
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
31 August 2016
Launch failure
September
3 September 07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[ 44]
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
AMOS-6
Spacecom
Planned: Geosynchronous
Communications
N/A
Destroyed prior to launch[ 43]
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 2016年9月1日 13:07 (UTC) (2016-09-01T13:07Z ) .[ 43]
8 September 11:20:00
GSLV Mk II
F05
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
INSAT-3DR
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
8 September 23:05:00
Atlas V 411
AV-067
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
OSIRIS-REx
NASA
Heliocentric
Asteroid sample return
在轨
Operational
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023.
13 September 14:38:00
Shavit-2
Palmachim
Israel Aerospace Industries
Ofeq 11
Israel Defense Forces
Low Earth
Reconnaissance
在轨
Satellite malfunction[ 45]
15 September 14:04:12
Long March 2F /G
T2
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1
CNSA
Tiangong-2
CMSA
Low Earth
Space station
19 July 2019[ 46] 13:06
Successful
BanXing 2
SAST
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
15 July 2019[ 47]
Successful
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October
16 September 01:43:35
Vega
Kourou ELV
Arianespace
PeruSat -1
Peruvian Armed Forces
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
SkySat × 4
Terra Bella
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
26 September 03:42:00
PSLV -G
C35
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
ScatSat-1
ISRO
Low Earth (SSO )
Meteorology
在轨
Successful[ 48]
Alsat-1B
Algerian Space Agency
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Alsat-2B
Algerian Space Agency
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Blacksky Pathfinder-1
BlackSky Global
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Pratham
IIT Bombay
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
PISat
PES University
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Alsat-1N
Algerian Space Agency
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ CanX-7
UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
21 April 2022[ 49]
Successful
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors.
October
5 October 20:30
Ariane 5 ECA
VA231
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
NBN-Co 1B / Sky Muster II
NBN
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
GSAT-18
ISRO
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
16 October 23:30
Long March 2F
Y11
Jiuquan LA-4 / SLS-1
CASC
Shenzhou 11
CMSA
Low Earth
Docking with Tiangong-2
18 November 2016 06:15
Successful
Crewed flight with two astronauts[ 50]
17 October 23:45
Antares 230
MARS Pad 0A
Orbital ATK
Cygnus CRS OA-5
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
27 November 2016 23:36
Successful
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4
Spire Global
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date.
19 October 08:05
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Soyuz MS-02
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 49 /50
10 April 2017 11:20
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts
November
2 November 06:20:00
H-IIA 202
F31
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
Himawari 9
JMA
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
3 November 12:42
Long March 5
Wenchang LC-1
CASC
Shijian 17
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous
在轨
Operational
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[ 51] [ 52]
9 November 23:42[ 53]
Long March 11
Jiuquan LS-95A
CASC
XPNAV 1 [ 54]
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
X-ray pulsar-based navigation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Xiaoxiang 1 [ 55]
Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ Lishui 1-01
Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co.
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ Pina-2 × 2
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
11 November 18:30
Atlas V 401
AV-062
Vandenberg SLC-3E
United Launch Alliance
WorldView-4
DigitalGlobe
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
30 November 2021 05:20[ 57]
Spacecraft failure
⚀ CELTEE 1
M42 Technologies
Low Earth (SSO )
Calibration
在轨
Operational
⚀ Prometheus-2 × 2
LANL
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ AeroCube 8 × 2
Aerospace
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ OptiCube 4
NASA Orbital Debris Program Office
Low Earth (SSO )
Calibration
在轨
Operational
⚀ RAVAN
JHU/APL
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration / Earth observation
在轨
Operational
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO -sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscope s in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[ 56]
11 November 23:14
Long March 2D
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
Yunhai-1
SAST
Low Earth
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
17 November 13:06:48
Ariane 5 ES
VA233
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Galileo FOC 7
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 12
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 13
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Galileo FOC 14
ESA
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna , Lisa , Kimberley , and Tijmen .
17 November 20:20:14
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz MS-03
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 50 /51 /52
2 June 2017
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson 's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017.
19 November 23:42:00
Atlas V 541
AV-069
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
GOES-R (GOES-16)
NASA / NOAA
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
22 November 15:24:04
Long March 3C/E
Xichang LC-2
CASC
Tianlian I -04
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
December
1 December 14:52
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress MS-04 / 65P
Roscosmos
Planned: Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
1 December
Launch failure
5 December 13:51:44
Vega
Kourou ELV
Arianespace
Göktürk-1
Turkish Armed Forces
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
7 December 04:54
PSLV -XL
C36
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
Resourcesat-2A
ISRO
Low Earth (SSO )
Remote sensing
在轨
Operational
7 December 23:53
Delta IV M+ (5,4)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-272 / WGS-8
US Air Force
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
9 December 13:26:47
H-IIB
F6
Tanegashima LA-Y2
MHI
HTV-6
JAXA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
5 February 2017 15:06
Successful
⚀ EGG
UTokyo
Low Earth
Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration
15 May 2017[ 63]
Successful
⚀ TuPOD
GAUSS Srl
Low Earth
TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio
8 September 2017[ 64]
Successful
⚀ / AOBA-VELOX 3
NTU / Kyutech
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
1 November 2018[ 65]
Successful
⚀ STARS C
Kagawa University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
3 March 2018[ 66]
Successful
⚀ FREEDOM
Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
5 February 2017[ 67]
Successful
⚀ ITF-2
University of Tsukuba
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
3 January 2019[ 68]
Successful
⚀ Waseda-SAT 3
Waseda University
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
6 October 2018[ 69]
Successful
OSNSAT
Open Space Network
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
11 January 2018[ 70]
Successful
Tancredo-1
Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
18 October 2017[ 71]
Successful
⚀ TechEdSat 5
SJSU /UI
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
29 July 2017[ 72]
Successful
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4
Spire Global
Low Earth
AIS
First: 15 April 2018[ 73] Last: 5 December 2018[ 74]
Successful
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[ 58] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[ 59] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[ 60] [ 61] [ 62]
10 December 16:11:00
Long March 3B
Xichang LC-3
CASC
Fengyun 4A
CMA
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
15 December 13:37:21
Pegasus-XL
Stargazer , Cape Canaveral
Orbital ATK
CYGNSS × 8
NASA
Low Earth
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
18 December 19:13
Atlas V 431
AV-071
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
EchoStar 19
HughesNet
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
20 December 11:00
Epsilon
Epsilon-2[ 75]
Uchinoura
JAXA
Arase (ERG)
JAXA
Medium Earth (elliptical)
Magnetospherics
在轨
Operational
21 December 19:22
Long March 2D
Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2
CASC
TanSat [ 76]
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Spark × 2
CAS
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
21 December 20:30
Ariane 5 ECA
VA234
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Star One D1
Star One
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
JCSAT-15
JSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
28 December 03:23:56
Long March 2D
Taiyuan
CASC
SuperView / Gaojing-1 01
Beijing Space View Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Partial launch failure; Operational
SuperView / Gaojing-1 02
Beijing Space View Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Partial launch failure; Operational
⚀ Bayi Kepu 1
China Association for Science and Technology
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
18 February 2017[ 78]
Partial launch failure; Successful
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[ 77]
亚轨道飞行
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
15 January 03:00:00
S-310
Uchinoura
JAXA
TPU / Tohoku University / Tokai University / KU / JAXA
Suborbital
Ionospheric research
15 January
Successful
Apogee: 161公里(100英里)[ 79]
22 January
New Shepard
Corn Ranch
Blue Origin
New Shepard crew capsule
Blue Origin
Suborbital
Test flight
22 January
Successful
Apogee: 101.7公里(63.2英里)[ 80]
23 January 08:30
VSB-30
Esrange
EuroLaunch
/ TEXUS -53
DLR / ESA
Suborbital
Microgravity
23 January
Successful
Apogee: 252公里(157英里)
28 January
SRALT ?
C-17 , Pacific Ocean
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
28 January
Successful
Apogee: 300公里(190英里), CTV-02+ target
28 January
Ground Based Interceptor
Vandenberg LF-23
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM test
28 January
Successful
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept.
2 February 21:09
VS-30
Esrange
SSC
SPIDER/LEEWAVES
SSC
Suborbital
Technology
2 February
Successful
Apogee: 138公里(86英里)
21 February 07:34
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-09
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
21 February
Successful
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
22 February 04:15
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
CHESS-2
LASP
Suborbital
Astronomy
22 February
Successful
Apogee: 309公里(192英里)
26 February 07:01
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-10
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
26 February
Successful
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
1 March 14:50
Terrier Malemute
Wallops Island
NASA
MUSIC
West Virginia University
Suborbital
Technology experiments
1 March
Successful
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[ 81]
7 March 12:05
Terrier Orion
Wallops Island
NASA
SOAREX-9
NASA Ames
Suborbital
Technology experiment
7 March
Successful
RadPC
Montana State University
Suborbital
Technology experiment
7 March
Successful
VIP
Controlled Dynamics
Suborbital
Technology experiment
7 March
Successful
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi)
7 March
K-4
Visakhapatnam
Indian Navy
Indian Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
7 March
Successful
Apogee: 500 km?
8 March
Shahab-3
Iran
IRGC
IRGC
Suborbital
Missile test
8 March
Successful
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
14 March
Agni-I
Integrated Test Range
IDRDL
IDRDL
Suborbital
Missile test
14 March
Successful
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)?
14 March
UGM-133 Trident II D5
Submarine, ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
14 March
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
15 March
UGM-133 Trident II D5
Submarine, ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
15 March
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
16 March
UGM-133 Trident II D5
Submarine, ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
16 March
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
31 March
K-4
INS Arihant
Indian Navy
Indian Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
31 March
Successful
First K-4 launch from a submarine[ 82]
2 April 15:18
New Shepard
Corn Ranch
Blue Origin
New Shepard crew capsule
Blue Origin
Suborbital
Test flight
2 April
Successful
BORE
Southwest Research Institute
Suborbital
Microgravity experiment
2 April
Successful
COLLIDE
University of Central Florida
Suborbital
Microgravity experiment
2 April
Successful
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[ 83]
19 April 06:41
UR-100NU
Yasniy
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
19 April
Successful
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
26 April 17:00
Tianying 3F
Hainan
CNSA
Kunpeng-1B
CSSAR
Suborbital
Environment monitoring
26 April
Successful
Apogee: 316公里(196英里)
18 May 00:45
VS-30 /Improved Orion
Woomera Test Range
DSTO
HiFire-5B
DSTO
Suborbital
Technology
18 May
Successful
Apogee: 278公里(173英里)
18 May 07:02
MRBM-T3
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
Radar target
18 May
Successful
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300公里(190英里)?
25 May
RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 -IB
“Hopper”号DDG-70 (6) , Kauai
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
25 May
Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?
26 May
RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB
“Hopper”号DDG-70 (6) , Kauai
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
26 May
Successful
Apogee: 100公里(62英里)?
1 June 19:00
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
EVE
CU Boulder
Suborbital
SDO calibration
1 June
Successful
Apogee: 290公里(180英里)
19 June 14:35
New Shepard
Corn Ranch
Blue Origin
New Shepard crew capsule
Blue Origin
Suborbital
Test flight
19 June
Successful
Capillary Flow Experiment
Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Suborbital
Microgravity experiment
19 June
Successful
EITIC
Louisiana State University
Suborbital
Microgravity experiment
19 June
Successful
MEDEA
Braunschweig University of Technology
Suborbital
Microgravity experiment
19 June
Successful
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket.
21 June[ 84] 23:03
Hwasong-10
Wonsan Airport
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
21 June
Successful
Apogee: 1,400公里(870英里).
24 June 10:06
Terrier Improved Orion
Wallops Island
NASA
RockOn/RockSat-C
CU Boulder
Suborbital
Student experiments
24 June
Successful
Apogee: ~119公里(74英里)
30 June 09:43
Improved Malemute
Andøya
Andøya
MaxiDusty 1
Oslo /Andøya
Suborbital
Atmospheric Science
30 June
Successful
Apogee: 115公里(71英里)
? June
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Vengeance”号S31 (6)
Royal Navy
Royal Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
? June
Launch failure
–
1 July 07:18
M51
Le Triomphant , Audierne Bay
DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale
Suborbital
Test flight
1 July
Successful
Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
8 July 13:01
Improved Malemute
Andøya
Andøya
MaxiDusty 1b
Oslo /Andøya
Suborbital
Atmospheric Science
8 July
Successful
Apogee: 117公里(73英里)
11 July
Khorramshahr
Semnan
AFIRI
AFIRI
Suborbital
Missile test
11 July
Launch failure
19 July 04:05
Terrier Improved Orion
Esrange
DLR
ROTEX-T
DLR
Suborbital
Technology
19 July
Successful
Apogee: 182公里(113英里)
27 July 18:26
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
Hi-C
NASA/MSFC
Suborbital
Solar research
27 July
Spacecraft failure
Apogee: 250公里(160英里)
17 August 11:33
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Wallops Island
NASA
Rocksat-X
University of Colorado Boulder
Suborbital
Student Research
17 August
Successful
Apogee: ~153公里(95英里)
23 August[ 84] 20:29
Pukguksong-1
Sinpo Shipyard
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
23 August
Successful
Apogee: about 550公里(340英里), according to South Korean military.
25 August
RS-24 Yars ?
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
25 August
Launch failure
31 August
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6) , ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Missile test
31 August
Successful
5 September[ 84] 03:13
Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER)
Hwangju
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
5 September
Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[ 85] 1 of 3.
5 September[ 84] 03:13
Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER)
Hwangju
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
5 September
Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[ 85] 2 of 3.
5 September[ 84] 03:13
Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER)
Hwangju
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Korean People's Army Strategic Force
Suborbital
Missile test
5 September
Successful
Apogee: about 200公里(120英里).[ 85] 3 of 3.
5 September 09:10
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-04
US Air Force
US Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
5 September
Successful
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300公里(810英里) ?
9 September
RS-12M Topol
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
9 September
Successful
27 September
RSM-56 Bulava
K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
27 September
Successful
27 September
RSM-56 Bulava
K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
27 September
Launch failure?
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money.
5 October 15:37
New Shepard
Corn Ranch
Blue Origin
New Shepard crew capsule
Blue Origin
Suborbital
Test flight
5 October
Successful
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7公里(58.2英里) before completing its fifth successful landing.
12 October
R-29R Volna
K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets , Sea of Okhotsk
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
12 October
Successful
12 October
R-29RMU Sineva
K-407 Novomoskovsk , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
12 October
Successful
12 October
RS-12M Topol
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
12 October
Successful
25 October 08:58
UR-100NU
Yasniy
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
25 October
Successful
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000公里(620英里)?
22 November
Agni-I
Integrated Test Range
IDRDL
IDRDL
Suborbital
Missile test
22 November
Successful
Apogee: ~500公里(310英里)?
6 December
Shahab-3
Iran
IRGC
IRGC
Suborbital
Missile test
6 December
Successful
Apogee: ~150公里(93英里)
8 December
B-611 ?
Shuangchengzi
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM target
8 December
Successful
Target
8 December
SC-19
Korla
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM test
8 December
Successful
Interceptor
15 December
MRBM
FTM-27
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
15 December
Successful
FTM-27 target, successfully intercepted by two SM-6 missiles in low altitude
15 December 16:15
Zombie (ATACMS )
Zombie Pathfinder
White Sands
NASA
US Army
Suborbital
Test flight
15 December
Successful
Apogee: 80公里(50英里)?
26 December 05:35
Agni V
Integrated Test Range Launch Complex IV
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
26 December
Successful
Apogee: ~800公里(500英里)
深空机动
日期 (UTC )
航天器
事件
备注
14 January
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 53公里(33英里).[ 86]
15 January[ 87]
Cassini
116th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 3,817公里(2,372英里).
31 January
Cassini
117th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,400公里(870英里).
16 February
Cassini
118th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,018公里(633英里).
4 April
Cassini
119th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi).
6 May
Cassini
120th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 971公里(603英里).
7 June
Cassini
121st flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 975公里(606英里).
4 July[ 88]
Juno
Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric )
First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter.
4 July
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 350公里(220英里).
25 July
Cassini
122nd flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 976公里(606英里).
10 August
Cassini
123rd flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,599公里(994英里).
27 August
Juno
1st perijove of Jupiter
Closest approach: 2,600公里(1,600英里).[ 89]
26 September
Cassini
124th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,737公里(1,079英里).
30 September
Rosetta
Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing.
19 October
Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016 )
Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric )
19 October
Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016)
Landing on Mars , Meridiani Planum
Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[ 90] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates 2°03′S 6°14′W / 2.05°S 6.24°W / -2.05; -6.24 , confirming the loss of the lander.[ 91]
19 October
Juno
2nd perijove
Period Reduction Maneuver[ 92] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[ 93] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[ 94]
13 November
Cassini
125th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,582公里(983英里).
16 November
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 127公里(79英里).
29 November
Cassini
126th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 3,223公里(2,003英里).
11 December
Juno
3rd perijove
舱外活动
开始时间
持续时间
结束时间
航天器
乘组
备注
15 January 13:48
4 hours 43 minutes
18:31
Expedition 46 ISS Quest
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor . EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[ 95]
3 February 12:55
4 hours 45 minutes
17:40
Expedition 46 ISS Pirs
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[ 96]
19 August 12:04
5 hours 58 minutes
18:02
Expedition 48 ISS Quest
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9 , allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony 's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[ 97] [ 98] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams.
1 September 11:53
6 hours 48 minutes
18:41
Expedition 48 ISS Quest
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[ 99]
空间碎片事件
发生时间(UTC )
碎片源
事件类型
追踪碎片数
备注
3月26日01:42[ 100]
瞳
卫星解体
10[ 101]
在早期调试阶段,日本宇宙航空研究 开发机构与刚发射的“瞳”望远镜失去了通信。与此同时,联合太空指挥中心观测到5块、随后是10块碎片从“瞳”脱落,其中一块碎片的雷达信号显示其大小与主航天器相当。[ 102] “瞳”陷入翻滚并发出短暂而断断续续的通讯。此次翻滚是由于惯性参考装置故障,错误地报告航天器正在旋转而引起的。当姿态控制系统试图纠正不存在的旋转时,不必要的修正本身被认为是造成后续故障的原因,最终导致航天器于4月28日坠毁。[ 103] [ 104]
命运弄人,与“瞳”一起飞行的次要有效载荷之一是中部卫星3号 ,这是一颗专门用于监测全球变暖效应和太空垃圾的微型卫星。[ 105]
6月1日09:20[ 106]
SL-12R/B(#33473)
助推器解体
20+[ 106]
2008年12月发射的俄罗斯质子-M 火箭的一个沉底发动机因不明原因爆炸。[ 107]
轨道发射统计
按国家(区域)
就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国 为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,西欧阿丽亚娜空间公司在南美洲圭亚那航天中心 发射的联盟号火箭应视作俄罗斯的发射,因为联盟2号 是俄罗斯火箭。
中国: 22
法国: 7
意大利: 2
印度: 7
以色列: 1
日本: 4
朝鲜: 1
俄罗斯: 19
美国: 22
国家(区域)
发射数
成功数
失败数
部分失败数
备注
中国
22
20
1
1
法國
7
7
0
0
義大利
2
2
0
0
印度
7
7
0
0
以色列
1
1
0
0
日本
4
4
0
0
朝鲜
1
1
0
0
俄羅斯
19
18
1
0
包括阿丽亚娜空间公司 从圭亚那航天中心 发射的2次欧洲联盟号火箭
美国
22
22
0
0
另有1次发射前失败(猎鹰9号AMOS6卫星任务)
总计
85
82
2
1
按火箭
By family
By type
By configuration
按发射场
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
Russia
United States
按轨道
Transatmospheric
Low Earth
Low Earth (ISS)
Low Earth (SSO)
Low Earth (retrograde)
Medium Earth
Geosychronous (transfer)
Inclined GSO
High Earth
Heliocentric
参考
中国国家航天局
中国探月网
Encyclopedia Astronautica
Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
Jonathan's Space Report (SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
NASA
NASA SpaceFlight.com
Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
Space Calander (NASA JPL)
Southwest Space Archive
SPACE.com Launch Forecast
SpaceFlightNow
Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
U.S. Space Objects Registry
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