| பெயர்
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முன்தோற்றக் கலம்
(முன்னோடிக் கலம்)
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முதனிலைக் கலங்கள்
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உடல் இருப்பிடம்
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செயல்பாடு
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கலவகை
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கலத் துணைவகை
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கொணரப்பட்ட மூலம்
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அறிந்த உயிர்க்குறிப்பான்கள்
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| பிரன்னர் சுரப்புக் கலம்
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மறைநிலை அடிநிலை முகிழ்கலங்கள்
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சைமோகன் கலம், குருதிக்குழல் கலம், குடல் அகச்சுரப்பு, குடற்கலம்
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முன்குடலில், முன்குடல் துணைச் சளிப்படலம்
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நொதி, காரச் சளி சுரப்பு
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புறச் சுரப்புப் புறணிக் கலங்கள்
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rowspan="33"அகத்தோல்
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| காப்புறை குருதிக் குழல்கலம்
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மூச்சுயிர்ப்பு, செரிமானத் தடங்கள்
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சளிச் சுரப்புவயிறு
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| பார்வைக்குழிக் கலம்
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வயிறு
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| தலமைக் கலம்
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பெப்சினோசென் சுரப்பு
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| சுவர்க் கலம்
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hydrochloric acid சுரப்பு
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| கணைய acinar கலம்
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கணையம் (confirmation needed)
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பைசார்பனேட், செரிப்பு நொதி சுரப்பு
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| பனேத் கலம்
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small சிறுகுடல்
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இலைசோசைம் சுரப்பு
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| வகை II காற்றறைக் கலம்
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Lungs
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surfactant சுரப்பு
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| Club cell
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| வகை I காற்றறைக் கலம்
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குருதி-வளிம அரண் உருவாக்கம்
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அரண்கலம்
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| பித்தப்பைப் புறணிக் கலம்
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பித்தப்பை
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| மைய ஊனீர்ச் சுரப்பு கலம்
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கணையம்(உமிழ்நீர் சுரப்பு)
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| சிறுகுடல் தூவி விளிம்புக் கலம் ( நுண்வில்லியுடன்)
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| K கலம்l
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gastric inhibitory peptide சுரப்பு
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rowspan="20"மிசைமச் சுரப்புக் கலம்
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அகச்சுரப்புக் கலம்l
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| L கலம்
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குளூக்ககான் போன்ற பெப்டைடு-1, பெப்டைடு YY<sub id="mwAUA">3-36</sub>, oxyntomodulin, குளூக்ககான் போன்ற பெப்டைடு-2) சுரப்பு
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| I கலம்
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பித்தநீர்ப்பை இயக்கு இசைமச் (CCK) சுரப்பு
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| G கலம்
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இரைப்பைப் புரதச் சுரப்பு
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| குடல் குரோமப்பின் கலம்
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செரட்டோனின் சுரப்பு
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| குடல் குரோமப்பின் கலம்-போன்ற கலம்
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திசுநீர்த்தேக்கிச் சுரப்பு
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| N கலம்
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மூளைநீர் சுரப்பு
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| S கலம்
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முன்சிறுகுடல்நீர் சுரப்பு
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| D கலம்
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வளர்ச்சியூக்கத் தடுப்பிச் சுரப்பு
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| Mo cell (or M cell)
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motilin secretion
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| other hormones secreted: vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, alpha and gamma-endorphin, bombesin
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| Thyroid epithelial cell
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Thyroid gland cells
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| Parafollicular cell
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| Parathyroid chief cell
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Parathyroid gland cells
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| Oxyphil cell
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| Alpha cell
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glucagon secretion
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Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
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| Beta cell
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insulin and amylin secretion
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| Delta cell
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somatostatin secretion
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| Epsilon cell
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ghrelin secretion
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| PP cell (gamma cell)
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pancreatic polypeptide secretion
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| Salivary gland mucous cell
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Exocrine secretory epithelial cells
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Ectoderm
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| Salivary gland serous cell
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| Von Ebner's gland cell
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in tongue
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(washes taste buds)
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| Mammary gland cell
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(milk secretion)
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| Lacrimal gland cell
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(tear secretion)
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| Ceruminous gland cell
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in ear
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(earwax secretion)
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| Eccrine sweat gland dark cell
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(glycoprotein secretion)
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| Eccrine sweat gland clear cell
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(small molecule secretion)
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| Apocrine sweat gland cell
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(odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
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| Gland of Moll cell in eyelid
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(specialized sweat gland)
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| Sebaceous gland cell
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(lipid-rich sebum secretion)
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| Bowman's gland cell
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in nose
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(washes olfactory epithelium)
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| Corticotropes
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Hormone-secreting cells
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Gonadotropes
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Lactotropes
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Melanotropes
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Somatotropes
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Thyrotropes
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Anterior/Intermediate pituitary cells
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| Magnocellular neurosecretory cells,
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secrete oxytocin and vasopressin
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| Parvocellular neurosecretory cells
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secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasopressin, oxytocin, neurotensin, and prolactin
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| Chromaffin cells (adrenal gland)
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| Keratinocyte
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(differentiating epidermal cell)
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Epithelial cells
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| Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
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| Melanocyte
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| Trichocyte
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(gives rise to hair and nail cells)
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| Medullary hair shaft cell
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Trichocyte
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| Cortical hair shaft cell
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Trichocyte
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| Cuticular hair shaft cell
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Trichocyte
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| Huxley's layer hair root sheath cell
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Trichocyte
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| Henle's layer hair root sheath cell
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Trichocyte
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| Outer root sheath hair cell
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Trichocyte
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| Surface epithelial cell
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cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina
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| basal cell (stem cell)
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cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina
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| Striated duct cell
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(salivary glands)
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| Lactiferous duct cell
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(mammary glands)
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| Ameloblast
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(deposit tooth enamel)
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| Odontoblast
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(tooth dentin formation)
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Oral cells
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| Cementoblast
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(tooth cementum formation)
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| Auditory inner hair cells of organ of Corti
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Sensory transducer cells
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| Auditory outer hair cells of organ of Corti
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| Basal cells of olfactory epithelium
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(stem cell for olfactory neurons)
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| Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
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| Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
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| Merkel cells of epidermis
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| Olfactory receptor neurons
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| Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons
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| Photoreceptor rod cells
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Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye
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| Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells of eye
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Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye
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| Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells of eye
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Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye
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| Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells of eye
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Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye
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| Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons
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| Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons
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| Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell
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(blood pH sensor)
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| Outer hair cells of vestibular system of ear
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(acceleration and gravity)
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| Inner hair cells of vestibular system of ear
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| Taste receptor cells of taste bud
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| Cholinergic neurons (various types)
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Autonomic neuron cells
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| Adrenergic neural cells (various types)
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| Peptidergic neural cells (various types)
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| Inner pillar cells of organ of Corti
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Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells
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| Outer pillar cells of the organ of Corti
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| Inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti
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| Outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti
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| Border cells of organ of Corti
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| Hensen's cells of organ of Corti
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| Vestibular apparatus supporting cells
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| Taste bud supporting cells
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| Olfactory epithelium supporting cells
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| Olfactory ensheathing cells
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| Schwann cells
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| Satellite glial cells
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| Enteric glial cells
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| Basket cells
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Central nervous system neurons and glial cells
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Neuron
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Interneurons
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| Cartwheel cells
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Interneurons
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| Stellate cells
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Interneurons
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| Golgi cells
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Interneurons
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| Granule cells
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Interneurons
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| Lugaro cells
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Interneurons
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Interneurons
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| Martinotti cells
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Interneurons
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| Chandelier cells
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Interneurons
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| Cajal–Retzius cells
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Interneurons
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| Double-bouquet cells
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Interneurons
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| Neurogliaform cells
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Interneurons
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| Retina horizontal cells
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Interneurons
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| Starburst amacrine cells
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Interneurons - > Amacrine cells
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| Renshaw cells
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Interneurons - >Spinal interneurons
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| Spindle neurons
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Principal cells
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| Fork neurons
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Principal cells
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| Place cells
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Principal cells-> Pyramidal cells
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| Grid cells
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Principal cells-> Pyramidal cells
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| Speed cells
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Principal cells-> Pyramidal cells
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| Head direction cells
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Principal cells-> Pyramidal cells
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| Betz cells
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Principal cells-> Pyramidal cells
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| Boundary cells
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Principal cells->Stellate cells
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| Bushy cells
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Principal cells
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| Purkinje cells
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Principal cells
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| Medium spiny neurons
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Principal cells
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| Astrocytes
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| Oligodendrocytes
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| Tanycytes
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Ependymal cells
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| Pituicytes
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| Anterior lens epithelial cell
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Lens cells
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| Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell
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| White fat cell
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Right Atrium, Atrioventricular junction, Left Atrium, left ventricle, Right ventricle, Epicardium
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myocardium, Atriventricular node
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Metabolism and storage cells
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Adipocytes
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Mesoderm
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(gene:)FASN, GPAM, LEP,
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| Brown fat cell
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| Liver lipocyte
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| Cells of the Zona glomerulosa
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produce mineralocorticoids
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Secretory cells
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Cells of the Adrenal cortex
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| Cells of the Zona fasciculata
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produce glucocorticoids
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| Cells of the Zona reticularis
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produce androgens
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| Theca Interna cell
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ovarian follicle
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secreting estrogen
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| Corpus luteum cell
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ruptured ovarian follicle
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secreting progesterone
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| Granulosa lutein cells
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Corpus luteum cell
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| Theca lutein cells
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| Leydig cell
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testes
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secreting testosterone
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| Seminal vesicle cell
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(secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
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| Prostate gland cell
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(secretes seminal fluid components)
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| Bulbourethral gland cell
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(mucus secretion)
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| Bartholin's gland cell
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(vaginal lubricant secretion)
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| Gland of Littre cell
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(mucus secretion)
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| Uterus endometrium cell
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(carbohydrate secretion)
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| Juxtaglomerular cell
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(renin secretion)
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| Macula densa cell
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kidney
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| Peripolar cell
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| Mesangial cell
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| Parietal epithelial cell
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Urinary system
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Barrier cells
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| Podocyte
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| Proximal tubule brush border cell
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| Loop of Henle thin segment cell
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| Kidney distal tubule cell
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| Principal cell
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Kidney collecting duct cell
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| Intercalated cell
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Epithelial / Barrier cells
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Mesoderm
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| Transitional epithelium
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(lining urinary bladder)
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Barrier cells
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Mesoderm
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| Duct cell
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(of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
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Reproductive system
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Barrier cells
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| Efferent ducts cell
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| Epididymal principal cell
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| Epididymal basal cell
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| Endothelial cells
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Circulatory system, capillary
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ABCC9, KCNJ8, RGS5
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| Planum semilunar epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear
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(proteoglycan secretion)
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Extracellular matrix cells
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| Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell
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(secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
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| Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
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| Corneal fibroblasts
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(corneal keratocytes)
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| Tendon fibroblasts
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| Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
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| Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
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| Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
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Liver?
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Pericyte
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| Nucleus pulposus cell
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intervertebral disc
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| Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
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| Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
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| Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
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| Osteoblast/osteocyte
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|
|
| Osteoprogenitor cell
|
|
(stem cell of osteoblasts)
|
|
|
|
|
| Hyalocyte
|
|
|
vitreous body of eye
|
|
|
|
| Stellate cell
|
|
|
perilymphatic space of the ear
|
|
|
|
| Pancreatic stellate cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Red skeletal muscle cell (slow twitch)
|
|
|
|
|
Contractile cells
|
Skeletal muscle cells
|
|
| White skeletal muscle cell (fast twitch)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Intermediate skeletal muscle cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nuclear bag cell
|
|
|
muscle spindle
|
|
|
| Nuclear chain cell
|
|
|
muscle spindle
|
|
|
| Myosatellite cell (stem cell)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cardiac muscle cell
|
|
|
|
|
Cardiac muscle cells
|
|
| SA node cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Purkinje fiber cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smooth muscle cell (various types)
|
|
|
iris
|
|
|
|
| Myoepithelial cell
|
|
|
exocrine glands
|
|
|
|
| Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
|
erythroblasts
|
|
|
|
|
Blood and immune system cells
|
|
| Megakaryocyte
|
|
(platelet precursor)
|
|
|
|
|
| Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Monocyte (white blood cell)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Epidermal Langerhans cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Osteoclast
|
|
|
in bone
|
|
|
|
| Dendritic cell
|
|
|
(in lymphoid tissues)
|
|
|
|
| Microglial cell
|
|
|
(in central nervous system)
|
|
|
|
| Neutrophil granulocyte
|
|
precursors (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte)
|
|
|
|
|
| Eosinophil granulocyte and precursors???
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basophil granulocyte and precursors???
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mast cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Helper T cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Regulatory T cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cytotoxic T cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Natural killer T cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B cell(/Lymphocyte)
|
|
|
Left Artrium, Left Ventricle, Septum, right ventricle, Epikaridum
|
Myocardium,
|
|
|
| Plasma cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Natural killer cell
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Oogonium/Oocyte
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germ Cells
|
|
| Spermatid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Spermatocyte
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Spermatogonium cell
|
|
Stem cell for spermatocyte
|
|
|
|
|
| Spermatozoon
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Granulosa cell
|
|
|
in the ovaries
|
|
|
Nurse Cells
|
|
| Sertoli cell
|
|
|
in The testis
|
|
|
|
| Epithelial reticular cell
|
|
|
In the Thymus
|
|
|
|
| Interstitial kidney cells
|
|
|
Kidney
|
|
|
Interstitial cells
|
|
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